HISTORY🇦🇹🎨 Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Define Militarism
A
Heavy investment into a nation’s military.
2
Q
What are alliances?
A
Agreement between countries to protect each other in times of war?
3
Q
What is imperialism?
A
the extension of a nation’s power over other lands and build an empire.
4
Q
What is nationalism?
A
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country
5
Q
Which countries were in the triple entente?
A
🇬🇧🇫🇷🇷🇺
6
Q
What countries were in the Triple Alliance?
A
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
7
Q
When and where was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
A
28th June 1914; Sarajevo, Bosnia
8
Q
When had Bosnia been taken over by Austro-Hungary?
A
1908
9
Q
Did the Black Hand gang’s first attempt succeed?
A
No
10
Q
Why did the Black Hand gang hate the Archduke?
A
They were unhappy with the imperial takeover of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary, and planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand.
11
Q
When does Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?
A
July 28th, 1914
12
Q
How long after until Russia declares war on Austria Hungary?
A
1 day
13
Q
Why does Germany enter WWI?
A
Russian mobilisation, and to protect Austria-Hungary.
14
Q
When does Britain declare war on Germany?
A
4th August 1914
15
Q
Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
A
His driver took a wrong turn.
16
Q
Describe the Schliffen Plan
A
- Germany expects Belgium to let its military go through it.
- Britain doesn’t get involved.
- Russia realises, but takes too long to mobilise.
- Germany attacks France with full force from Belgium.
- Germany turns its attention to Russia, and beats it.
- Germany wins the war.
17
Q
Who shot the Archduke?
A
Gavrilo Princip
18
Q
Why was the Schlieffen Plan made?
A
To avoid Germany fighting on two fronts.
19
Q
why did the schlieffen plan fail?
A
Russia mobilised quickly, Belgium resisted, and Britain joined the war unexpectedly.
20
Q
What did the plan failing mean?
A
The war did not end by Christmas.
21
Q
What is a trench?
A
A long passage in the ground designed to protect from artillery fire.
22
Q
Were trenches nice places to be in?
A
No, because of the rationing, conditions, beds and protection.
23
Q
What was a danger of being in the trenches?
A
Trench foot, rats, lack of food, death.
24
Q
What was used in trenches to avoid gas?
A
Gas masks.
25
Why did trenches have barbed wire?
To slow down attacking troops.
26
What was a firestep?
A step to fire with "over the top".
27
What is the name of the area between two opposite trenches?
No Man's Land
28
What food was in trenches?
Tinned corned beef, bread and biscuits.
29
Who loses WWI?
Germany and Austria-Hungary.
30
Why does Germany (mainly), lose the war?
Their nation began crumbling, and the Navy began plotting to mutiny against their commanders.
31
What day, and what time did the war end?
11/11/1918, 11:00:00 or November 11th 1918 at 11:00
32
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The formal end of WWI, that concluded Germany caused WWI, and must be punished accordingly.
33
What are the 4 factors Germany is hit by?
Land, military, empire and money.
34
How does money affect Germany after the Treaty of Versailles?
They must pay 132 billion marks to the Allies in compensation for damage.
35
How does land, empire and military affect Germany?
The Rhineland for example, is given to France, and Poland is given land.
Germany loses its empire to Britain and France.
Germany is allocated a very small army, and no air force.
36
What also was created after the Treaty of Versailles?
League of Nations.
37
What is the Russian Empire in 1913?
An autocracy led by the Tsar, where the poor stay poor and the rich stay rich. There is no hope, and barely a government, let alone with a voice.
38
What war first shows Nicholas II's failure as a Tsar?
Japanese-Russo War, which Russia loses to Japan.
39
What other war, also showed his horrible military leadership?
WWI
40
What is communism?
Communism is where there is no inherited wealth, and pure equality among man.
41
What is a revolution?
an overthrow of the government
42
Who else, dragged down Nicholas' honour?
Rasputin.
43
Why did Rasputin ruin Nicholas II's respect?
He was an odd bloke, who had "magical" powers, and somehow healed Alexei, the Tsar's heir. He got very close to the Tsarina, and many people thought they were having an affair behind the Tsar's back.
44
How does Rasputin die?
A failed poisoning, leads to him being unsuccessfully shot, and then dumped into a river.
45
Who are the Bolsheviks?
A group of men, who take to Marx's communism, led by Lenin. They overthrow the government in October 1917.
46
When does Nicholas II abdicate?
16th March 1917
47
What happens once Nicholas II resigns?
A Provisional Government is set up, and fails. This leads to chaos in Russia, until the Bolsheviks seize control in the Russian Revolution, October.
48
Do the Bolsheviks gently gain power?
Pretty much.
49
What day is the storming of the winter palace?
25th Oct 1917
50
What does Lenin do once in power?
He ends the war with Germany, but loses Poland and Finland, and 1/3 of Russians.
51
How do the Bolsheviks hold on to power?
They make Russia a one-party state, after they nearly collapse in the November election.
52
When are the Tsar's family 'shot dead'
16/07/1918
53
Why did Lenin 'order' this execution?
He feared the Tsar would make a comeback to power, and so killed him when he had the chance.
54
When was Adolf Hitler born?
1889
55
What happened in Germany after WWI?
The Kaiser abdicated, a new government was formed, and a recession occurred, making marks useless.
56
What was Hitler's first attempt to gain power.
The Beer Hall Putsch, which backfired badly, and Hitler was sent to jail, where he began writing Mein Kampf.
57
What was the plan of the Beer Hall Putsch?
To go to Berlin, with his Stormtroopers, and overthrow the Government.
58
What is the big reason the Nazi Party went from about 20 seats in 1929 to 230 in 1933?
The Great Depression, during desperate times, extremism typically prevails.
59
Who is the President of Germany in 1933?
Hindenburg
60
When is Hitler elected Chancellor?
January 1933
61
What happens in February 1933 that helps Hitler gain 'emergency powers'?
The Reichstag fire
62
Why does Hitler need emergency powers, in regards to his power as Chancellor?
The President can hire and fire Chancellors when he pleases, Hitler needs this position and Hindenburg gone.
63
Who is blamed for the Reichstag fire?
A Dutch Communist, who likely was framed.
64
What does Hitler do with his "emergency powers"?
Ban parties other than the Nazis from campaigning in the March election suppressing freedom of speech and the press, banning elections during this period.
65
What are five points the Nazis had that appealed to Germans?
* Socialism, the working class
* Nationalism, German speaking people united
* Anti-semitism - Jews aren't German
* Fascism - a strong, controlling Government
* Businessman and the rich - remilitarisation
66
What about Hitler made him popular?
Charisma. He was an excellent speaker.
67
What are four things Hitler used to keep control?
* Terror - Using the SS and Gestapo to terrorise Germans into direct obedience to the Nazi Party.
- Propaganda
- Youth - teaching children the Aryan race is superior, sacking all teachers against Hitler, teaching evils of communism and the Hitler Youth
* Economy - Hitler built roads, buildings, and helped people buy cars.
68
When does Hitler introduce conscription?
1936
69
When does Germany reoccupy the Rhineland?
March 1936
70
Why do people think Adolf Hitler got involved in the Spanish Civil War?
So he could test out his new weapons.
71
When does Hitler enter Austria?
March 1938
72
When does Germany attack the Sudetenland, or the German area of Czechoslovakia.
September 1938
73
Why do Britain and France allow Germany to invade the Sudetenland?
It's German speaking, and they don't want another war...👀
74
When does Hitler finish off Czechoslovakia?
March 1939
75
Easy one: when is Poland next on Hitler's list?
1 September 1939
76
How were Jews viewed as in Medieval Europe?
Demonised, and thought to torture Christians.
77
What happened in England in 1290, in regards to Jewish people?
King Edward I of England, becomes the first ruler in Europe to expel Jews from his nation (England).
78
What is a genocide?
The intentional massacre of a race or group in order to exterminate it forever.
79
What were other groups persecuted by the Nazis?
Roma and Sinti
The disabled
Gays
Jehovah's Witnesses
Political opponents
Prisoners of war
Communists
Slavs
80
What are measures against Jews in 1933?
Boycott of shops in April
81
What are measured against Jews introduced in 1935?
May: Jews removed from army.
September: Nuremberg Laws.
82
What were measures in the Nuremberg laws?
* Jews are not German citizens.
* Jews cannot have sex with Germans.
83
What are measures introduced in 1936?
Oct: Jewish teachers can't teach non-Jews.
84
What happens to Jews in 1937?
A speech is said by Hitler, heavily antisemitic, and they can't get degrees.
85
What happens in 1938 to Jews (it's a lot)
* No more Jewish doctors.
* All women must have Sara in their name, and men must have Israel
* Jewish kids banned from German schools.
* Kristallnacht, night of Broken Glass.
* Star of David on their sleeves.
* Park benches and parks segregated from Jews.
* A red Jew stamp must be in all Jewish passports.
86
What is appeasement?
Slide 22 on the Revision List workbook pages in Showbie:
When the Allies essentially gave Hitler what he wanted to avoid a second war. Examples of this include the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia.
