History and Evolution of Pharmacy Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
who granted a charter in 1617 which formed a separate company
A
King James I
2
Q
What was the separate company formed by King James I known as
A
“Master, Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London”
3
Q
Apothecary to New France
A
Louis Hibert
4
Q
Who did Louis Hibert help to create a New France’s first settlement
A
de Monts and Champlian
5
Q
He examined specimens of drug plants offered by Micmac indians
A
Louis Hibert
6
Q
Arum
A
Jack-in-the-Pulpit
7
Q
Eupatorium
A
Boneset
8
Q
Verbascum
A
Mullein
9
Q
Hydrastis
A
Goldenseal
10
Q
Where did Louis Hibert and his family moved to with Champlain
A
Quebec
11
Q
The governor who healed the sick
A
John Winthrop
12
Q
What did John Winthrop made available the best he could
A
Art and mystery of the apothecary for his citizens
13
Q
Established their apothecary shop in Philadelphia in 1729
A
Marshall apothecary
14
Q
Who was the one who first managed the Marshall Apothecary
A
Christopher Marshall
15
Q
the nucleus of large-scale chemical manufacturing
A
Marshall apothecary
16
Q
A practical training school for pharmacists
A
Marshall Apothecary
17
Q
An important supply depot during the revolution
A
Marshall Apothecary
18
Q
Title earned by Christopher Marshall
A
The fighting quaker
19
Q
Sons of Christopher Marshall
A
Charles and Cristopher Jr.
20
Q
One of the first female pharmacists in America
A
Elizabeth Marshall
21
Q
What was the Colonial America’s First Hospital
A
Pennsylvania Hospital
22
Q
First Hospital Pharmacists
A
Jonathan Roberts
23
Q
Who was the successor of Jonathan Roberts that actually practiced as a hospital pharmacist
A
John Morgan
24
Q
He advocated prescription writing and championed independent practice of two professions
A
John Morgan
25
Discovered oxygen
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
26
Greatest of the pharmacists-chemists
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
27
Carl Wilhelm Scheele worked as an owner of a pharmacy in _______
Koping
28
Carl Wilhelm Scheele began in a corner of the stock room of _______
Unicorn Apothecary in Gothenburg
29
America's first apothecary General
Andrew Craigie
30
Duties included procurement, storage, manufacture and distribution of army's drugs
Andrew Craigie
31
Where are Morphine from
Poppy plant (Opium Poppy) - Papaver somniferum
32
Father of toxicology
Paracelsus
33
Name of Paracelsus
Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim
34
First of the Alkaloid chemists
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
35
Gave the world opium's chief narcotic principle, Morphine
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
36
Opium's chief narcotic principle
Morphine
37
What was the original name of morphine and why?
Morphium named after Morpheus the Greek god of dreams
38
Morphine was first marketed to the general public as what?
Pain medication and treatment for opium and alcohol addiction
39
terms used to describe morphine addiction in American Civil war
Soldier's disease
40
Drugs where morphine is used to synthesize
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin), Tramadol, codeine, oxycodone
41
Discovered Chlorophyll
Pierre-Joseph Pelletier and Joseph-Bienaime Caventou
42
Extracted _________ from ipecacuanha (1817)
emetine
43
Isolated _____________________ from nux vomica (1818)
Strychnine and Brucine
44
Wrestling the secrets of ________ barks that were useful against malaria
Cinchona (Cinchona officinalis)
45
Caventou and Pelletier announced the methods for the seperation of _________ (1820)
quinine and cinchonine
46
two major treats that lead to protest meeting in Carpenter's hall
Deterioration of the practice of pharmacy and a discriminatory classification by the University of Pennsylvania medical faculty
47
first U.S. industry in medicinal herbs was carried on by the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, or commonly known as the __________
The Shakers
48
The shaker gathered or cultivated some _____ varieties; dried, chopped, and pressed them into "_________"
200, Bricks
49
The profession responsible for the appropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes
The shakers
50
When was the American Pharmaceutical Association first established
October 6 to 8 1852
51
What did the APhA establish that the profession needs
Intercommunication among pharmacists, standard for education, and quality control
52
First APha President
Daniel B. Smith
53
First APhA Secretary
William Procter, Jr.
54
When was the Second International Congress of pharmacy conducted that caused a divergence of opinion on the limitations of pharmacists
August 21-24, 1867, Paris France
55
Who said that public opinion is in America a forceful agent of reform
William Procter Jr.
56
There is not the slightest obstacle towards a multiplication of drug stores save that a lack of success
William Procter Jr.
57
Father of American Pharmacy
William Procter, Jr.
58
Who was the one who first served on the American Pharmaceutical Association as a secretary and later on as a president
William Procter Jr.
59
he served 30 years on the USP Revision Committee. He was for 22 years Editor of the American journal of Pharmacy
William Procter Jr.
60
Who launched a pharmacy course in the University of Michigan in 1868
Dr. Albert B. Prescott
61
Who abandoned the traditional requirement of pregraduation apprenticeship
Dr. Albert B. Prescott
62
the first book of drug standards from a professional source to have achieved a nation's acceptance
United States Pharmacopoeia
63
Contains legally recognized standards of identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling for drug substances, dosage forms, and other therapeutic products
United States Pharmacopoeia
64
The year when the USP was in danger of dissolution due to the lack of interest in the medical profession
1877
65
A manufacturing pharmacist as well as physician, who took the problem to the American Pharmaceutical Association convention
Dr. Edward R. Squibb
66
Pharmacists form a _____________ chairman by who?
Committee on Revision, Charles Rice
67
The _________ established in 1888 by the American Pharmaceutical Association, includes standards for excipients, bontanicals, and other similar products.
The National Formulary
68
When did USP purchase NF combining two publication in one cover
1975
69
Seldomly two vegetable drugs are the same even if prepared the same since plant drugs varied widely in _______ and _______
active alkaloidal and glucosidal content
70
the first answer to this problem came when parke, davis, & company introduced standardized ____________
"Liquor Ergotae Purificatus"
71
__________, further developed methods of alkaloidal assay
Dr. Albert Brown Lyons
72
Expiditions in search of medicinal plants probably are as old as pharmacy.
Henry Hurd Rusby
73
How many botanical specimens did Henry Hurd Rusby returned with
45,000
74
Pharmaceutical inventor
Stanislas Limousin
75
Devices introduced by Stanislas Limousin
he introduced the Medicine dropper, system of coloring poisons, and wafer cachets ( which found prior to mass production of the gelatin capsules)
76
Greatest contribution of Stanislas Limousin
Development and perfection of apparatus for the inhalation and the administration of oxygen (Oxygen Bottle).
77
Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium ___________________
Corynebacterium diphtheria
78
Who announced the effectivity of diphtheria antitoxin in 1894
Behring and Roux
79
First step to producing antitoxin for diphtheria
Inoculation of horses with diphtheria toxins
80
Name of the Diphtheria antitoxin
Poliomyelitis vaccine
81
Early works with bismuth and arsenic compounds advanced the treatment of syphilis
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
82
paved the way for life-saving sulfonamide compounds
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
83
It was the chemical synthesis of _______ in 1883 that gave impetus and inspiration for intensive search for therapeutic useful compounds
Antipyrine
84
When did research in pharmacy came into its own
1930-1940
85
utilizing latest technological advances from every branch of science, ______________ economically develops and produces the latest and greatest in drugs in immense quantities
Pharmaceutical manufacturing
86
Discovered penicillin in 1929 which became the inspiration for antibiotics
Alexander Fleming
87
What did Alexander Fleming discover
Penicillin
88
Who studied the underdeveloped discovery of Penicillin in 1929
Ernest Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey
89
The ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial, antivirals, from working against it
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
90
First organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-Saxon world
Master, Wardens, and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London
91
Who persuaded King James I to create a seperate company
Francis Bacon
92
When did Louis Hibert help de mons and Champlain
1605
93
When did Hibert return to quebec
1617
94
When was the Marshall Apothecary established
1729
95
The pioneer pharmaceutical enterprise became a leading retail store (Marshall Apothecary) when?
1729-1825
96
Pennsylvania hospital date established
1751
97
Hospital pharmacy in ______
1752
98
When did John Morgan practice hospital pharmacy
1755-56
99
A person whose impact upon pharmacy and Medicine influenced changes that were to become of importance to the development of professional pharmacy in North America
John Morgan
100
(Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Seturner)To recognize of a new class of organic substances ________
alkaloids
101
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Seturner's first announcements challenged Seturner in ______ conducted a new series of bold, starting experiments in his apothecary shop in _______
1816, Einbeck
102
Scientific name of ipecacuanha
Carapichea ipecacuanha
103
When was emetine extracted from ipecacuanha
1817
104
In 1818 ______ was isolated from nux vomica
strychnine and brucine
105
Scientific name of Cinchona
Cinchona officinalis
106
when did Caventou and Pelletier announce the methods for seperation of quinine and cinchonine
1820
107
When did the Pharmacists of Philadelphia held a tempestuous protest meeting
Ferbruary 23, 1821
108
When was the second of meeting of the pharmacists of Philadelphia conducted
March 13
109
What did the pharmacists of Philadeplhia meeting in March 13 concluded
An assocaition which became the Philadeplhia College of Pharmacy; a school of pharmacy; and a self-policing board
110
How many pharmacists signed the constitution of the first pharmaceutical association in the United states
68
111
American Pharmacy's first educational institution, bearing the same name, opened when
November 9
112
When did the shakers begun, become commercially important and hit its peack
1820, 1830, 1860
113
The shakers label was recognized for ____ and _____
reliability and quality
114
First US industry in medicinal herbs was carried on by the ____________, commonly known as the Shakers
United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing
115
When are where did William Procter Jr. Graduated
The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1837
116
How many years did William Procter Jr. served the college as Professor of Pharmacy for
20 years
117
When did Albert Prescott launced pharmacy course
1868
118
When was the first United States Pharmacopopoeia done
1820
119
When was Liquor Ergotae Purificatus introduced
1879
120
Who opened vast new horizons for the advancement of Pharmacy and Medicine late in the nineteenth century
Henry Hurd Rusby
121
Henry Hurd became the dean of what?
The College of Pharmacy of Columbia University
122
His work led other investigators to broad fields of chemotherapeutic research
Ernst Francois Auguste Fourneau
123
When was pinicillin discovered
1929
124
When did Florey and Chain studied the penicillin
1940
