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Pharmaceutical Perspectives > History and Evolution of Pharmacy > Flashcards

History and Evolution of Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

who granted a charter in 1617 which formed a separate company

A

King James I

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2
Q

What was the separate company formed by King James I known as

A

“Master, Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London”

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3
Q

Apothecary to New France

A

Louis Hibert

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4
Q

Who did Louis Hibert help to create a New France’s first settlement

A

de Monts and Champlian

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5
Q

He examined specimens of drug plants offered by Micmac indians

A

Louis Hibert

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6
Q

Arum

A

Jack-in-the-Pulpit

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7
Q

Eupatorium

A

Boneset

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8
Q

Verbascum

A

Mullein

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9
Q

Hydrastis

A

Goldenseal

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10
Q

Where did Louis Hibert and his family moved to with Champlain

A

Quebec

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11
Q

The governor who healed the sick

A

John Winthrop

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12
Q

What did John Winthrop made available the best he could

A

Art and mystery of the apothecary for his citizens

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13
Q

Established their apothecary shop in Philadelphia in 1729

A

Marshall apothecary

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14
Q

Who was the one who first managed the Marshall Apothecary

A

Christopher Marshall

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15
Q

the nucleus of large-scale chemical manufacturing

A

Marshall apothecary

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16
Q

A practical training school for pharmacists

A

Marshall Apothecary

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17
Q

An important supply depot during the revolution

A

Marshall Apothecary

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18
Q

Title earned by Christopher Marshall

A

The fighting quaker

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19
Q

Sons of Christopher Marshall

A

Charles and Cristopher Jr.

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20
Q

One of the first female pharmacists in America

A

Elizabeth Marshall

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21
Q

What was the Colonial America’s First Hospital

A

Pennsylvania Hospital

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22
Q

First Hospital Pharmacists

A

Jonathan Roberts

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23
Q

Who was the successor of Jonathan Roberts that actually practiced as a hospital pharmacist

A

John Morgan

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24
Q

He advocated prescription writing and championed independent practice of two professions

A

John Morgan

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25
Q

Discovered oxygen

A

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

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26
Q

Greatest of the pharmacists-chemists

A

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

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27
Q

Carl Wilhelm Scheele worked as an owner of a pharmacy in _______

A

Koping

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28
Q

Carl Wilhelm Scheele began in a corner of the stock room of _______

A

Unicorn Apothecary in Gothenburg

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29
Q

America’s first apothecary General

A

Andrew Craigie

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30
Q

Duties included procurement, storage, manufacture and distribution of army’s drugs

A

Andrew Craigie

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31
Q

Where are Morphine from

A

Poppy plant (Opium Poppy) - Papaver somniferum

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32
Q

Father of toxicology

A

Paracelsus

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33
Q

Name of Paracelsus

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim

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34
Q

First of the Alkaloid chemists

A

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner

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35
Q

Gave the world opium’s chief narcotic principle, Morphine

A

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner

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36
Q

Opium’s chief narcotic principle

A

Morphine

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37
Q

What was the original name of morphine and why?

A

Morphium named after Morpheus the Greek god of dreams

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38
Q

Morphine was first marketed to the general public as what?

A

Pain medication and treatment for opium and alcohol addiction

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39
Q

terms used to describe morphine addiction in American Civil war

A

Soldier’s disease

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40
Q

Drugs where morphine is used to synthesize

A

Diacetylmorphine (Heroin), Tramadol, codeine, oxycodone

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41
Q

Discovered Chlorophyll

A

Pierre-Joseph Pelletier and Joseph-Bienaime Caventou

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42
Q

Extracted _________ from ipecacuanha (1817)

A

emetine

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43
Q

Isolated _____________________ from nux vomica (1818)

A

Strychnine and Brucine

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44
Q

Wrestling the secrets of ________ barks that were useful against malaria

A

Cinchona (Cinchona officinalis)

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45
Q

Caventou and Pelletier announced the methods for the seperation of _________ (1820)

A

quinine and cinchonine

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46
Q

two major treats that lead to protest meeting in Carpenter’s hall

A

Deterioration of the practice of pharmacy and a discriminatory classification by the University of Pennsylvania medical faculty

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47
Q

first U.S. industry in medicinal herbs was carried on by the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, or commonly known as the __________

A

The Shakers

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48
Q

The shaker gathered or cultivated some _____ varieties; dried, chopped, and pressed them into “_________”

A

200, Bricks

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49
Q

The profession responsible for the appropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes

A

The shakers

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50
Q

When was the American Pharmaceutical Association first established

A

October 6 to 8 1852

51
Q

What did the APhA establish that the profession needs

A

Intercommunication among pharmacists, standard for education, and quality control

52
Q

First APha President

A

Daniel B. Smith

53
Q

First APhA Secretary

A

William Procter, Jr.

54
Q

When was the Second International Congress of pharmacy conducted that caused a divergence of opinion on the limitations of pharmacists

A

August 21-24, 1867, Paris France

55
Q

Who said that public opinion is in America a forceful agent of reform

A

William Procter Jr.

56
Q

There is not the slightest obstacle towards a multiplication of drug stores save that a lack of success

A

William Procter Jr.

57
Q

Father of American Pharmacy

A

William Procter, Jr.

58
Q

Who was the one who first served on the American Pharmaceutical Association as a secretary and later on as a president

A

William Procter Jr.

59
Q

he served 30 years on the USP Revision Committee. He was for 22 years Editor of the American journal of Pharmacy

A

William Procter Jr.

60
Q

Who launched a pharmacy course in the University of Michigan in 1868

A

Dr. Albert B. Prescott

61
Q

Who abandoned the traditional requirement of pregraduation apprenticeship

A

Dr. Albert B. Prescott

62
Q

the first book of drug standards from a professional source to have achieved a nation’s acceptance

A

United States Pharmacopoeia

63
Q

Contains legally recognized standards of identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling for drug substances, dosage forms, and other therapeutic products

A

United States Pharmacopoeia

64
Q

The year when the USP was in danger of dissolution due to the lack of interest in the medical profession

A

1877

65
Q

A manufacturing pharmacist as well as physician, who took the problem to the American Pharmaceutical Association convention

A

Dr. Edward R. Squibb

66
Q

Pharmacists form a _____________ chairman by who?

A

Committee on Revision, Charles Rice

67
Q

The _________ established in 1888 by the American Pharmaceutical Association, includes standards for excipients, bontanicals, and other similar products.

A

The National Formulary

68
Q

When did USP purchase NF combining two publication in one cover

A

1975

69
Q

Seldomly two vegetable drugs are the same even if prepared the same since plant drugs varied widely in _______ and _______

A

active alkaloidal and glucosidal content

70
Q

the first answer to this problem came when parke, davis, & company introduced standardized ____________

A

“Liquor Ergotae Purificatus”

71
Q

__________, further developed methods of alkaloidal assay

A

Dr. Albert Brown Lyons

72
Q

Expiditions in search of medicinal plants probably are as old as pharmacy.

A

Henry Hurd Rusby

73
Q

How many botanical specimens did Henry Hurd Rusby returned with

A

45,000

74
Q

Pharmaceutical inventor

A

Stanislas Limousin

75
Q

Devices introduced by Stanislas Limousin

A

he introduced the Medicine dropper, system of coloring poisons, and wafer cachets ( which found prior to mass production of the gelatin capsules)

76
Q

Greatest contribution of Stanislas Limousin

A

Development and perfection of apparatus for the inhalation and the administration of oxygen (Oxygen Bottle).

77
Q

Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium ___________________

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

78
Q

Who announced the effectivity of diphtheria antitoxin in 1894

A

Behring and Roux

79
Q

First step to producing antitoxin for diphtheria

A

Inoculation of horses with diphtheria toxins

80
Q

Name of the Diphtheria antitoxin

A

Poliomyelitis vaccine

81
Q

Early works with bismuth and arsenic compounds advanced the treatment of syphilis

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

82
Q

paved the way for life-saving sulfonamide compounds

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau

83
Q

It was the chemical synthesis of _______ in 1883 that gave impetus and inspiration for intensive search for therapeutic useful compounds

A

Antipyrine

84
Q

When did research in pharmacy came into its own

A

1930-1940

85
Q

utilizing latest technological advances from every branch of science, ______________ economically develops and produces the latest and greatest in drugs in immense quantities

A

Pharmaceutical manufacturing

86
Q

Discovered penicillin in 1929 which became the inspiration for antibiotics

A

Alexander Fleming

87
Q

What did Alexander Fleming discover

A

Penicillin

88
Q

Who studied the underdeveloped discovery of Penicillin in 1929

A

Ernest Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey

89
Q

The ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial, antivirals, from working against it

A

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

90
Q

First organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-Saxon world

A

Master, Wardens, and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London

91
Q

Who persuaded King James I to create a seperate company

A

Francis Bacon

92
Q

When did Louis Hibert help de mons and Champlain

A

1605

93
Q

When did Hibert return to quebec

A

1617

94
Q

When was the Marshall Apothecary established

A

1729

95
Q

The pioneer pharmaceutical enterprise became a leading retail store (Marshall Apothecary) when?

A

1729-1825

96
Q

Pennsylvania hospital date established

A

1751

97
Q

Hospital pharmacy in ______

A

1752

98
Q

When did John Morgan practice hospital pharmacy

A

1755-56

99
Q

A person whose impact upon pharmacy and Medicine influenced changes that were to become of importance to the development of professional pharmacy in North America

A

John Morgan

100
Q

(Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Seturner)To recognize of a new class of organic substances ________

A

alkaloids

101
Q

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Seturner’s first announcements challenged Seturner in ______ conducted a new series of bold, starting experiments in his apothecary shop in _______

A

1816, Einbeck

102
Q

Scientific name of ipecacuanha

A

Carapichea ipecacuanha

103
Q

When was emetine extracted from ipecacuanha

A

1817

104
Q

In 1818 ______ was isolated from nux vomica

A

strychnine and brucine

105
Q

Scientific name of Cinchona

A

Cinchona officinalis

106
Q

when did Caventou and Pelletier announce the methods for seperation of quinine and cinchonine

A

1820

107
Q

When did the Pharmacists of Philadelphia held a tempestuous protest meeting

A

Ferbruary 23, 1821

108
Q

When was the second of meeting of the pharmacists of Philadelphia conducted

A

March 13

109
Q

What did the pharmacists of Philadeplhia meeting in March 13 concluded

A

An assocaition which became the Philadeplhia College of Pharmacy; a school of pharmacy; and a self-policing board

110
Q

How many pharmacists signed the constitution of the first pharmaceutical association in the United states

A

68

111
Q

American Pharmacy’s first educational institution, bearing the same name, opened when

A

November 9

112
Q

When did the shakers begun, become commercially important and hit its peack

A

1820, 1830, 1860

113
Q

The shakers label was recognized for ____ and _____

A

reliability and quality

114
Q

First US industry in medicinal herbs was carried on by the ____________, commonly known as the Shakers

A

United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing

115
Q

When are where did William Procter Jr. Graduated

A

The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1837

116
Q

How many years did William Procter Jr. served the college as Professor of Pharmacy for

A

20 years

117
Q

When did Albert Prescott launced pharmacy course

A

1868

118
Q

When was the first United States Pharmacopopoeia done

A

1820

119
Q

When was Liquor Ergotae Purificatus introduced

A

1879

120
Q

Who opened vast new horizons for the advancement of Pharmacy and Medicine late in the nineteenth century

A

Henry Hurd Rusby

121
Q

Henry Hurd became the dean of what?

A

The College of Pharmacy of Columbia University

122
Q

His work led other investigators to broad fields of chemotherapeutic research

A

Ernst Francois Auguste Fourneau

123
Q

When was pinicillin discovered

A

1929

124
Q

When did Florey and Chain studied the penicillin

A

1940

Pharmaceutical Perspectives (30 decks)

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