history EOY

Question 1

What is the Tehran Conference

Answer 1

Tehran Conference 1943
First meeting of the ‘Big Three’
Agreed on opening a second front in Western Europe
Discussed the future of Germany

Question 2

How did the Tehran Conference cause tension

Answer 2

Stalin was suspicious that the Allies delayed the second front to weaken the USSR
USA and UK worried about Stalin’s intentions in Eastern Europe - he wanted a buffer zone

Question 3

what was the Yalta Conference

Answer 3

Yalta Conference 1945
Agreements on splitting Germany, free elections in Eastern Europe, the USSR would join the war against Japan, and supported the creation of the United Nations

Question 4

How did the Yalta Conference cause tension

Answer 4

Disagreements over Poland’s future- Stalin wanted a communist government
Western leaders feared Stalin would not allow free elections
USSR began installing pro-communist governments, causing trust

Question 5

What was the Potsdam Conference

Answer 5

Potsdam Conference 1945
Germany had surrendered beforehand
Discussed the punishment of Nazi leaders, finalised Germany’s division, Stalin called for heavy reparations

Question 6

How did the Potsdam conference cause tension

Answer 6

Truman was more suspicious of Stalin
The American atomic bomb was tested during the conference and Stalin was angry he was not consulted or told about the bomb earlier
The East-West rivalry was now obvious

Question 7

What was the Iron Curtain Speech

Answer 7

Iron Curtain Speech 1946
Described a divided Europe between free West and communist East

Question 8

How did the Iron Curtain Speech cause tension

Answer 8

The speech publicly accused the USSR of oppression

Question 9

What was the Marshall Plan

Answer 9

Marshall Plan 1947
The USA gave $13bn to European economies and stop the spread of communism

Question 10

How did the Marshall Plan cause tension

Answer 10

The USSR rejected it and banned Eastern European countries from accepting it
It was seen by Stalin as an attempt to buy influence in Europe

Question 11

What was the Berlin Airlift

Answer 11

Berlin Airlift 1948-9
USSR blocked access to West Berlin to force the Allies out
USA and UK responded with a massive airlift of supplies for 11 months with over 275,000 flights
USSR lifted the blockade in May 1949

Question 12

Why did the Berlin Airlift cause tension

Answer 12

The first major crisis of the Cold War
Made the division of Germany permanent (West Germany, the FRG, and East Germany, the GDR) formed in 1949
Led to the creation of NATO in 1949, a Western military alliance

Question 13

What was the Korean War

Answer 13

The Korean War 1950-53
War between North and South Korea
Started in 1950 when the North invaded the South
Around 3-4 million deaths
Ended in a ceasefire in 1953
Korea still remains divided at the 38th parallel

Question 14

How did the Korean War cause tension

Answer 14

First direct military conflict of the Cold War - a proxy war
USA showed it would use military force to contain communism
Increased suspicion and hostility - both superpowers started preparing for more indirect wars

Question 15

What is the Berlin Wall

Answer 15

Berlin Wall 1961
A concrete wall built by East Germany to stop people fleeing to West Berlin
Over 3m people had left East Germany before it was built
Covered 155 km
Around 140-200 people were killed trying to cross it

Question 16

How did the Berlin wall cause tension

Answer 16

Became a symbol of communist oppression
Western leaders like Kennedy visited, his famous speech angered the USSR.
It was physical proof that people were escaping FROM communism and not TO it

Question 17

What was the arms race

Answer 17

The Arms Race (use your notes from your lesson to pick specific ones to learn)
A competition to build the most powerful weapons
USA dropped atomic bombs in 1945
USSR tested its nuclear bomb in 1949
Led to the creation of: H-bombs, ICBMs, and Mutually Assured Destruction

Question 18

How did the arms race cause tension

Answer 18

Both sides feared nuclear war and distrusted the other’s intentions
The threat of instant destruction meant diplomacy was often tense
Increased global anxiety and military spending.

Question 19

What was the Space Race

Answer 19

The Space Race
A race for supremacy in space exploration
USSR launched Sputnik in 1957
Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space in 1961
USA responded with Apollo 11 - Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1969

Question 20

How did the Space Race cause tension

Answer 20

Space technology was linked to military power (rockets = missiles)
Each side saw space success as proof of technological superiority
Created pressure to keep up and outperform the rival

Question 21

What was Kristallnacht

Answer 21

Kristallnacht
Means the Night of the Broken Glass
A Jewish man shot a Nazi in the German Embassy in Paris
Attacks on Jewish property and businesses began on the night of the 9th November 1938
Hitler fined the Jewish population 1 billion Reichsmarks as compensation for the damage.
The fact that there was no international intervention meant that violence against the Jews escalated even further as there were no repercussions.

Question 22

What was a Ghetto

Answer 22

A ghetto is a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.

Jews were forced into ghettos. Many of which were enclosed and sealed off from the outside world. Inhabitants were made to work, they were subjected to terror and humiliation. Disease was common and mass shootings were a regular occurence.

Question 23

What was the Warsaw Ghetto

Answer 23

In Poland
More than 400,000 people lived there
Was one of the biggest ghettos
Over 70,000 died of starvation and disease
300,000 were taken to concentration camps and murdered
An uprising left 10,000 dead.

Question 24

What was the Kaunus Ghetto

Answer 24

In Lithuania
Around 30,000 people lived there
They were mainly Jews from Kaunus
10,000 were shot in October 1941
In 1943, the ghetto was turned into a concentration camp.
Most were shot or sent to other concentration camps.

Question 25

what were the 2 types of camp

Answer 25

The Einsatzgruppen were paramilitary death squads responsible for killing and worked in concentration and extermination camps. There were several types of camps: Concentration camps were mainly for harsh labour

Question 26

What was Auschwitz-Birkenau

Answer 26

Auschwitz-Birkenau Located in Poland near Krakow It was a concentration/death camp Many medical experiments took place here Auschwitz was the concentration camp Birkenau was the extermination camp Over 1 million people died here

Question 27

What was resistance

Answer 27

There were lots of forms of resistance against treatment against the Jews. Including: Armed resistance Rescuing Jews Recording Nazi crimes Preserving culture Sustaining morale

Question 28

what was the secret school in Kaunas

Answer 28

Established in 1941 Secret schools were opened and banned repeatedly. Children taught normal lessons and Jewish culture. It was mainly aimed at preserving education and Jewish culture In 1944, any remaining children in the Kaunus ghetto were killed.

Question 29

What was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising

Answer 29

Most famous ghetto uprising An armed rebellion against the Nazis in 1943 to stop deportations to Treblinka death camp. Led by the Jewish Fighting Organisation The revolt lasted from 19th April to the 16th May when it was crushed by the Nazis.

Question 30

what were children in Nazi Germany taught

Answer 30

Children were taught to hate Jewish people. They had lessons specifically on the inferiority of the Jewish race.

Question 31

what was the date of Hiroshima and what happened

Answer 31

On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, killing over 70,000 people instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation effects. This was the first use of nuclear weapons in war and marked the beginning of the nuclear era. It also demonstrated the devastating power that would define the Cold War's military strategies.

Question 32

what was the Hydrogen Bomb Developed and what did it do

Answer 32

In 1952, the United States tested the first hydrogen bomb, code-named "Ivy Mike." The hydrogen bomb used nuclear fusion, making it hundreds of times more powerful. The explosion vaporized the island of Elugelab in the Pacific. The Soviet Union responded with its own hydrogen bomb in 1953, intensifying the arms race and increasing the potential for catastrophic destruction. This advancement made the Cold War even more dangerous.

Question 33

What was ICBM Development

Answer 33

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) were developed by both superpowers in the late 1950s. These missiles could travel over 5,000 miles and deliver nuclear warheads with unprecedented speed and accuracy. This changed the nature of warfare by making it possible to strike targets across the globe within minutes. It also entrenched the idea of Mutual Assured Destruction

Question 34

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 34

In October 1962, the United States discovered that the Soviet Union was secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida. President John F. Kennedy responded by ordering a naval blockade, stopping Soviet ships from delivering more weapons. The world held its breath for 13 days as the two superpowers faced off. After intense negotiations, the USSR agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for a secret U.S. promise to withdraw its missiles from Turkey.

Question 35

When did the cold war end

Answer 35

1987 Intermediate Nuclear forces treaty - both sides agree reduction in weaponry in 1989 President Bush and Gorbachev met in Malta and leaders declared the war over In 1991 the Warsaw Pact was dissolved

Question 36

what is segregation

Answer 36

Segregation is the separation of races. It was a huge part of life from 1865 to 1964. Segregation was upheld by law in the 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson case which stated ‘separate but equal’ meaning that if facilities were of the same standard then black and white Americans could have separate facilities. In reality, black Americans were often given sub standard facilities.

Question 37

who was Emmett Till

Answer 37

Emmett Till was a 14 year old boy that was killed in 1955 after being falsely accused of flirting with a white woman in Mississippi. Roy and Milam Bryant killed Emmett Till and left his body in the Tallahatchie River. His mother had an open casket funeral to show the world what the two men had done. The two men were acquitted by an all white jury.

Question 38

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 38

In 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks was told to move from her seat so a white man could sit down. She refused and was taken off of the bus and jailed. A number of Civil Rights leaders got together and decided to boycott the buses. The boycott went on for 381 days. Finally, after the bus company losing a lot of money, Alabama declared segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional.

Question 39

Little Rock High

Answer 39

Brown vs Board of Education declared segregation of schools was unconstitutional. In 1957, 9 students tried to enrol at Little Rock High School and were stopped by the National Guard. President Eisenhower sent in troops from the national army to help these students get into school. The school closed for a year after and eventually reopened – desegregated.

Question 40

Greensboro/Woolworths sit in

Answer 40

Four African American men were refused service at a whites only lunch counter in February 1960. They decided to perform a sit in – a non violent form of protest where people occupy and area to highlight o problems. 300 students joined within 5 days and later it spread to 13 states and 55 cities. Dining facilities across the south were integrated by the summer of 1960.

Question 41

Birmingham Riots

Answer 41

In January 1963, MLK planned a march in Birmingham, Alabama (one of the most segregated cities in America). During the months of the march and demonstrations, protesters were met with violent attacks with water canons, dogs and police brutality. This was shown nationally and people were outraged. It led to the desegregation of drinking fountains and restrooms in May 1963.

Question 42

March on washington

Answer 42

March on Washington In 1963, MLK planned another march. This time on Washington in August. Martin Luther King and other speakers called for equality and this is where MLK shared his ‘I Have A Dream’ speech. The march did not have direct impact but the tides were changing and people were now well aware that change was needed.

Question 43

Civil rights act

Answer 43

Civil Rights Act, 1964 It has been seen as one of the most important Civil Rights laws of the US. It outlawed discrimination, ended racial segregation and protected the voting rights of minorities and women. Segregation ended and people were able to fully integrate. The southern states still dragged their feet with this. MLK attended the signing of the Act.

Question 44

Voting rights act

Answer 44

One year after the Civil Rights Act, Johnson also signed the 1965 Voting Rights Act. It meant that no one was denied the vote on ‘account of race or colour’

Question 45

Fair Housing Act

Answer 45

Fair Housing Act, 1968 The Fair Housing Act made it illegal to discriminate in selling, renting or lending money for housing based on a person’s race, skin colour, religion or home country.