HISTORY FINAL REVIEW Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
Name the three main Allied Powers in WW2:
A
U.S, Soviet Union, and Britain
2
Q
Name the three main Axis Powers in WW2:
A
Germany, Italy, Japan
3
Q
Identify the importance of Appeasement in leading to WW2
A
Hitler and his military forces took over Sudetenland without conflict.
- Britain and France wanted appeasement and gave in
- Hitler mocks those countries and became bold and took over countries who wanted appeasement.
European countries were appeasing hitler , kept giving in, he kept taking more and more until he took poland
4
Q
The invasion of which country led to the beginning of WW2
A
Poland
5
Q
Identify Blitzkrieg in reference to WW2
A
A military strategy used by Germany.
- They used tanks, airplanes, and guns to overwhelm and defeat their enemies.
6
Q
Identify Island Hopping in reference to WW2
A
A military strategy that was used by Allied forces (mainly the U.S.) to capture important islands and get close enough to Japan to launch an invasion.
7
Q
Identify Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in reference to WW2
A
A deal between Germany and the soviet union where they agreed to not attack/invade each other.
8
Q
What is the significance of the Battle of Normandy?
A
- Marked the start of the liberation of western
- D-day, liberated France from German control and started to push Germany back
9
Q
What is the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?
A
- Turning point on Eastern front
- Germany lost and surrendered
- Largest and bloodiest battle in history
- Begins to retreat
10
Q
What is the significance of the Battle of the Bulge?
A
- Allied victory
- Hastened the end of the war
- Germany’s last attempt to defeat U.S and British forces
- Second deadliest/biggest battle in history
11
Q
What is the significance of the Battle of Midway?
A
- Turning point of the war in the pacific
- Showed the U.S is capable of striking the Japanese mainland
12
Q
What is the significance of the Battle of IwoJima?
A
U.S bombers are now in range of the Japanese mainland.
13
Q
What is the significance of the Battle of Okinawa?
A
The only step left for the U.S is an invasion of the Japanese mainland last major battle
14
Q
Atomic Bomb Droppings: Where, When and reason for
A
Hiroshima- August 6, 1945
Nagasaki - August 9, 1945
Reason-
Ended WW2 and saved thousands of American and British lives
15
Q
How did American foreign policy change after WW2?
A
- Was now actively involved in international affairs and committed to containing the spread of communism.
- More of a global power, fight communist all over the world, no isolation
16
Q
Identify the Truman Doctrine:
A
A US policy of providing political, military, and economic aid to nations resisting communism, aiming to contain its spread
17
Q
Explain the Korean war:
A
June 25, 1950 – July 27, 1953
- North Korea was trying to take over South Korea and unifying the country
- There was an armistice, no territory was gained or lost. The Korean war was a stalemate.
- Eisenhower replaces Truman during the war.
+ large tensions
+ two divided nations (North and South Korea)
18
Q
What is the Marshall Plan?
A
Called for the Nations of Europe to draw up a program for economic recovery from the war.
19
Q
What is the Berlin Airlift?
A
The U.S and Great Britain supplied the small property in West Berlin in the split capital surrounded by east berlin with goods through aircraft after the Soviet Union blocked ground routes and made the Berlin Wall.
- later on people from east berlin were fleeing to west berlin and the soviet union built a wall around it.
20
Q
What is the Iron Curtain?
A
- Invisible Line, Divided Europe into two separate areas from the end of WW2 until the end of the Cold War.
- Winston Churchill said that russia was making eastern europe countries follow them.
21
Q
What is the Arms Race?
A
The race between the United States and the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons.
22
Q
What is the Berlin Wall?
A
The Russians built the Berlin Wall to separate communism and non-communist East and West Berlin.
23
Q
What is the Containment policy?
A
U.S - foreign policy
U.S policy to contain communist events
24
Q
What is the Domino Theory?
A
If one country fell to communism then the surrounding countries would fall to it as well.
25
Explain the Bay of Pigs Invasion:
-U.S/Cuban exiles and Cuba
An airstrike (invasion) from the U.S which failed
- April 17th, 1961
- In South Cuba
- Aimed to overthrow communist government in cuba
- Result: U.S. lost
- America accepted defeat and lost a lot of prestige and pride. It was exposed that America tried to invade another country.
26
Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis.
- U.S and Cuba/Soviet Union, The soviets had an atomic bomb in cuba,
- October 16, 1962, Cuba,
- Why: to get ahead in nuclear abilities,
- Result: The Soviet Union, disturbed by the attempted Bay of Pigs invasion, had pledged to support Castro’s government.
the Soviets withdrawing their missiles from Cuba, and the US agreeing not to invade Cuba and secretly removing its Jupiter missiles from Turkey.
27
What is the Baby Boom?
With people living better and having money, the birth rate, which had fallen to 19 births per 1,000 people during the Depression, soared to more than 25 births per 1,000 in its peak year of 1957.
28
What is a G.I bill?
-gave world war II veterans low-interest mortgages to purchase new homes and provided them with educational stipends to go to college or graduate school.
29
What is the term Red Scare/Joseph McCarthy?
- This era was a period of intense fear of communism
- During the 1950s, he goes around accusing people of them being communists
- He was a senator
30
What was the importance of Plessy vs Ferguson?
In 1896, The Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated public facilities were legal, so long as the facilities for Black people and whites were equal.
31
What was the importance of Brown vs Board of Ed?
- In 1952, Brown claimed that schools for Black children were not equal to the white schools, and that segregation violated the so-called “equal protection clause” of the 14th Amendment,
- The Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional.
- The states had no time frame for integrating schools so they were all on their own time.
- This created resistance like the Little Rock Nine.
32
What was the importance of the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
With the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights of 1965, it created a whole new voting population in the U.S.
- outlawed discrimination based on race, sex, color, ect.
- expanded rights for african americans, outlawed segregation, discriminatory bias employment, outlawed discriminatory voting practices.
-
33
What was the importance of the passing of the 24th amendment?
- This amendment outlawed the poll tax on voting.
- Importance/Outcome:
This amendment removed one of the barriers that states used to withhold African Americans from voting. It was used in several southern states to keep poor African Americans from voting.
34
What was the importance of the Voting Rights Acts of 1965.
Federal officials could register voters in places where local officials were blocking registration by African Americans. The law also eliminated literacy tests and other barriers. After this act was passed, 400,000 African Americans registered to vote in the south.
35
What is the Little Rock Nine?
- On the first day of school the Governor Orville Faubus ordered the National Guard to prevent black students from entering Central High
- A month later President Eisenhower ordered the military to escort the students to class.
- Nine students became heroes of the Civil Rights Movement and eventually graduated from Central High
36
What is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?
* southern christian leadership conference
* practiced non violent protests (peaceful way of resistance)
* led by MLK
37
What are the Montgomery Bus Boycotts?
- The idea of the boycott was for African Americans to boycott the buses (not get on them). This would decrease the profit of buses and force them to acknowledge their anger against discrimination.
- After the boycott, bus segregation was banned. This took 388 days and it felt empowering for African Americans. This was the first step of many to freedom against discrimination against African Americans.
- The problem : However, they had to come up with a system to transport people from place to place because a lot of African Americans used the bus.
38
What is the Freedom Summer?
- Leaders of the major civil rights movement organized a voter registration drive in Mississippi.
- 1000 African Americans and white volunteers joined what was now called the Freedom Summer. Much violence occurs as well as three young civil rights workers kidnapped and killed.
39
What are Sit-Ins? (Civil Rights Movement)
- The sit-in movements were a series of sit-ins at segregated lunch counters or a public place.
- If they were refused service, they would just stay seated as a form of protest. It often worked because it forced business owners to decide between serving the protesters or risking disruption/loss of business.
- Influence: Thousands of people and students were involved in the movement. This gained the support of MLK (Martin Luther King Junior) and by the end of 1960, some 70,000 students participated and 3,600 served jail time.
40
What happened and what was the importance of Selma March?
- In Selma, Alabama, police officers and sheriffs arrested people of color who were in line to register to vote.
- Civil rights leaders like MLK, organized a protest march. As they set out for their march, armed state troopers on horseback charged into the crowd with whips, clubs, and tear gas.
- Importance/Outcome:
President Johnson put the Alabama National Guard under federal control. Johnson also sent members of the National Guard, along with federal marshals and helicopters from the army to protect the route of the march.
41
What is the March on Washington?
Date: August 1963
Description:
- More than 200,000 people from all over the country came to call for “jobs and freedom” which was the slogan of the march.
- Participants had included religious leaders and celebrities.
- The march was peaceful and considered orderly. After songs and speeches,
- Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the speech that would set the civil rights movement to a turn.
- Importance/Outcome:
The march left an echoed message on the country, that people would not give up on protesting for what is right and what they believed in. Kennedy, who was watching the speech on TV, was impressed by MLK’s speech.
42
What are Freedom Rides?
- They were made and designed to test whether southern states would obey the supreme court ruling and allow African Americans to exercise the rights newly granted to them. (segregation in bus stations, waiting rooms, restaurants, ect, were not allowed)
- Kennedy, to pressure the interstate commerce commission to issue a ruling that prohibited segregation in all interstate transportation
43
Who is Rosa Parks?
Rosa Parks was a Civil Rights activist known for her role in igniting the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Her refusal to give up her bus seat to a white passenger in 1955, an act of defiance against segregation, became a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement.
44
Who is Martin Luther King?
- MLK’s role was essentially to be the voice of the people. His role was to also be a leader for the Montgomery bus boycott.
- Discrimination: Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent American Baptist minister and activist, a key leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. He championed nonviolent resistance to achieve equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged, and all victims of injustice. He organized mass protests and delivered powerful speeches, including the “I Have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington, which helped advance the cause of civil rights
45
Who is Malcolm X?
- Malcolm spoke for dignity, self respect, and self determination for blacks.
- His cause was human rights and not favor civil rights
- Became a spokesperson for the Black Nationalist movement (ignites a frenzy in mid 1960s)
Different from MLK
(muslim, separatist, human rights)
46
Who are the Black Panthers?
- For self-defense made for the ineffectiveness of their protests
- Founders are Bobby Seale and Huey Newton
- Their goal was to police the police and to protect blacks from police brutality but eventually developed into a military organization.
47
Vietnam was a colony of which European country?
France
48
How was Vietnam divided according to the Geneva Accords?
By the 17th parallel
49
Who was the leader of North Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh
50
What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allow the president to do?
It allowed President Johnson to take any necessary actions to retaliate against any attack and aggression in the region.
51
What was the Style of fighting during the Vietnam on both sides?
Vietcong used Guerrilla warfare - booby trap, hit and run tactics
Search and Destroy-U.S
52
Who were the VietCong?
The name for the military forces of the National Liberation Front that wanted to overthrow the South Vietnamese government
- They were communist south Vietnamese who revolted
53
What were the two controversial weapons used during the Vietnam War?
Agent Orange - toxic gas
Napalm - explosive gel
54
What was the name of the trail that brought troops and supplies into South Vietnam?
Ho chi Minh trail
55
Tet Offensive (Why was it a turning point?)
It was a military victory but a political defeat for the U.S because people at home in the U.S lost support for the war
It was a political victory for the North VIetnamese and vietcog as it made them realize it was an unwinnable war.
56
What was the plan to reduce U.S. troops and turn the War over to the South Vietnamese called?
Vietnamization
57
What happened at both Kent State and Jackson State college campus?
4 students killed at Kent State and riots occurred
58
What happened in Vietnam after the U.S. withdrew military forces?
North Vietnam invaded south vietnam and won
59
What was the name of the scandal that caused Nixon to resign from office?
Watergate
60
What two countries was Nixon the first to visit?
China and the Soviet Union
61
What was the name of the treaty to limit the arms race with the Soviet Union?
The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
62
How did Ford become president?
Nixon resigned and as vice president he took over.
63
What action did Ford take towards Nixon that many people disapproved of?
He pardoned Nixon for any crimes he committed or may have committed during his time in office.
64
What was the “WIN” campaign?
- Known as the, Whip Inflation Now (WIN), was made to address the high inflation rates in the mid 70s.
- Encouraged people to participate in curbing inflation through actions like saving energy and reducing spending.
65
What type of energy did Carter want to switch to?
A sustainable and renewable energy source.
66
What were the Camp David Accords?
In 1978, Carter helped broker a historic peace treaty known as the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt.
67
What caused the Iran Hostage Crisis?
- Caused by the Islamic revolution in Iran.
- Shah's entry into the US for medical treatment, and the perceived support of the US for the Shah.
- Iranian students seized the U.S Embassy on November 4, 1979, taking 52 Americans hostage for 444 days.
- The same day that Carter left office they were released.
68
What were the results of the Iran Hostage Crisis?
- The 52 American hostages were eventually released on January 20, 1981, after 444 days in captivity.
- There was one rescue attempt but it failed because several helicopters malfunctioned and one crashed.
- The day president reagan takes over office, they released the hostages
69
What were supply side economics?
- The trickle down of inflation, tax breaks to high tax brackets
- Causing them to invest and Creating more jobs
- During Reagans presidency
70
What was the Strategic Defense Initiative?
- A shield in space to destroy nuclear weapons targeted to the U.S to protect the U.S from missiles from the soviet Union
- This plan was nicknamed star wars and scared the soviet union
- It proved too expensive and never technically feasible,
71
Who did the U.S. Hockey Defeat in the Miracle on Ice game?
- U.S hockey defeated the Soviet Union.
- 1980 winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
72
What event is the symbolic end to the Cold War?
The fall of the Berlin wall and the breakup of the soviet union.
73
What campaign promise did President Bush make that he failed to live up to?
no new taxes
74
What was the cause of the Persian Gulf War?
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
75
What was the name of the telescope launched into space in 1990?
Hubble Space Telescope
76
What event occurred in the Soviet Union that brought the official end to the Cold War?
The dissolution/crumble of the Soviet Union
77
What caused the L.A. Riots in 1992?
The pardoning of charges of the four police officers in the beating of unarmed African american Rodney King
- Showed police brutality
78
What happened in Waco, Texas during the Clinton term in office?
- The Waco massacre
- FBI and the atf had gone in there
- a standoff between the Branch Davidians,
- burned the branch down and many many people died.
79
What happened at the World Trade Center?
9-eleven
Two planes were hijacked and crashed into the World Trade Center, killing almost 3000 people
80
What was the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” bill signed by President Clinton?
- The official U.S policy on military service of homosexual people.
- Instituted during the Clinton Administration.
- Allows service is they keep it private
81
What trade agreement did Clinton make with Mexico and Canada?
NAFTA
Free trade agreement, no tariffs
82
What was the results of President Clinton’s impeachment trial?
- There wasn't enough evidence to convict him
- Acquitted, found not guilty
