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Year 9 > History - French Revolution 🍟 > Flashcards

History - French Revolution 🍟 Flashcards

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1
Q

When the American Revolution was going on, which foreigners helped them the most to fund it?

A

The French.

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2
Q

In France, why was there so much disparity between the rich and the poor?

A

The upper class and the rich would spend their money on extravagant things, using all the money made from the poor people’s hard work and their taxes.

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3
Q

How did france get into financial debt?

A

They lost a war with Britain.

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4
Q

How many estates were there?

A

Three.

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5
Q

What estate was most of the population?

A

The Third Estate.

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6
Q

What people did the third estate consist of?

A

The Peasants, The Middle class, The lower class, and Everyone else.

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7
Q

What people did the second estate consist of?

A

The Nobility

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8
Q

What people did the first estate consist of?

A

The Clergy.

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9
Q

Who became the new king after the king died?

A

Prince Louis, who became King Louis the 16th (In May 1774)

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10
Q

Was King Louis a wise king?

A

NO. He was easily manipulated by the others helping him rule.

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11
Q

What did King Louis try to do to get revenge on the British? Did it work?

A

To try to get revenge on the british by trying to finance their American colony’s revolution. But, they didn’t give the money back. This put France into even more debt.

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12
Q

When France was in debt, did the nobility change their ways of living?

A

The nobility continued to use money as if nothing had changed, not noticing the 3rd estate’s poverty.

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13
Q

Who was the queen, and what nickname was given to her because of her lavish spending?

A

The queen was Marie Antoinette, She was given the nickname Madame Deficit. (She had boat hair)

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14
Q

As france went more into debt what did the king do?

A

Taxed the poor, there were taxes on everything.

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15
Q

What was the labor tax?

A

Peasants were required to work for their local lord without pay.

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16
Q

What did people hate about the tax rules?

A

They were inconsistent throughout the nation, And the first two estates had to pay very little taxes.

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17
Q

What sparked peasant riots?

A

Natural disaster - harsh summers and winters caused many harvests to be ruined, which made things like bread incredibly expensive, although the upper classes has stockpiles of it, which caused raids.

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18
Q

What was the tithe?

A

A 10% tax the 1st estate could impose.

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19
Q

What was the Estates General?

A

An advisory body, the closest thing france had to a government - that the king called during the natural disaster crisis.

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20
Q

What did the Estates General consist of?

A

It was made up of representatives from the 3 estates.

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21
Q

What was the voting system in the Estates General?

A

Each estate got one vote, although they varied in size.

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22
Q

Why did the Third Estate constantly get outvoted?

A

Since each Estate had one vote each, the first and second estate would agree on something, and the third estate would have no way to rebuttal.

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23
Q

Because of the unfairness of the Estates General, what did the Third Estate do?

A

They started their own government called the national assembly.

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24
Q

What was the tennis court oath?

A

The pledge the Third Estate met at their new building, a tennis court - where they agreed to continue meeting there until the king finally listened to them, and gave the country more equality.

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25
Who were the two lawyers part of the National assembly?
Maximilien Robespierre, and Georges Danton.
26
The Jacobin Club was a radical party with some members from the national assembly. What did they want to do to the king?
They wanted to kill the king, Which caused fear among the first estates.
27
When the King discovered his position was under threat, what did he do?
He called the military to take position around paris. When the 3rd estate heard of the military force, they were terrified that the king would round them up and kill them.
28
What did the people of Paris do to arm themselves against the King's military force?
They created the "Bourgeois Militia" - The National Guard, to defend themselves, and even some soldiers in the French military joined their side.
29
How did the Bourgeois Militia get rifles to fight?
In July 14th, 1789, a large crowd raided The "Hôtel les Invalides", which was a military hospital from which they s̶t̶o̶l̶e̶ borrowed a lot of rifles.
30
What were the Bourgeois Militia missing once they got their rifles? How did they get that?
They were missing gunpowder to power the rifles so they raided The Bastille, a prison fortress, and once again s̶t̶o̶l̶e̶ borrowed stocks of gunpowder.
31
What did the Bourgeois Militia do to get gunpowder from the Bastile?
The crowd gathered around the Bastille, and p̶o̶l̶i̶t̶e̶l̶y̶ ̶a̶s̶k̶e̶d̶ demanded the man in charge, Governor de Launay to give them the gunpowder and surrender the prison.
32
When Governor de Launay was asked to give them gunpowder and surrender, what did he do?
He didn't want to, so he invited some members from the crowd to negotiate and stall for time. However, the crowd became impatient and stormed the fortress
33
When the national assembly heard of the Bastille raid, did they denounce it and continue the revolution peacefully, or agree with the violence and begin a violent rebellion?
They continued the violence.
34
Who was Jean-Paul Marat?
A man who wrote a radical newspaper he called "The Friend of the People", which spread many violent ideas and said what the King would do if they didn't attack, which was a big part of the acceptance of violence in the French Revolution, and it became very popular.
35
What was the declaration of the rights of man?
The document made by the national assembly that gave equal rights to all men (excluded women).
36
On October 5th, what did a crowd of 7000 women do?
They went to Versailles, and tried to kill the queen, who escaped through a secret passage. They killed many members of the royal guard. The only thing the king could do was talk to the crowd, and he agreed to accept his position sharing power with the revolutionary government, and returned to paris.
37
Did the king actually support the revolutionaries' side?
No, he acted like he did.
38
Why did the king try to leave france?
He left france to start a campaign from abroad and get back his power.
39
How was the king and queen caught when fleeing from france?
The postmaster recognised them as kings, not servants. So, he was returned to Paris and everyone realised he didn't actually support the revolution.
40
What was the new constitution of 1791?
It was written by the national assembly (renamed Legislative assembly), and allowed the king to stay as a figure, but but have barely any power. It lasted less than a year and also allowed citizens who paid some taxes to vote.
41
What did some radicals and people in the Jacobin Club think of the king's loss in power?
They thought it wasn't enough, and were outraged that the king wouldn't be fully removed, so they staged a protest at the Champ de Mars, and the government sent the military to disperse the crowd.
42
What happened at the end of the protest by the radicals?
The revolutionary national guard FIRED on revolutionaries! It was a massacre, and it exposed the division between the moderates who wanted to keep the king as a figure, and the radicals who wanted him to BEGONE!
43
What was the guillotine?
A contraption thing created by Dr. Joseph Guillotine that could be used to execute people, it was a heavy blade that was dropped on the law breakers heads, it was made because the revolutionaries wanted all executions to be equal.
44
What did the countries around France think about the Revolution?
They were worried that revolutionary ideas would spread to their countries.
45
Why did France declare war in Austria in April 1792?
They were afraid Austria (Joined by russia) would attack them due to fear of revolutionary ideas spreading, so France decided to attack them first. However, they were losing.
46
What did the Duke of Brunswick say to Paris and how did Paris react?
He said that if anything happens to the king, they would burn Paris. The people of Paris were maddened by the threat, and on the 10th of August 1792, a mob swarmed the King's palace, and fighting broke out between the guards and the revolutionaries. The king fled to the Legislative assembly (radicals)
47
When the Legislative assembly found the King in the building, what did they do?
They held a vote and voted for the monarchy to be completely gone.
48
What was the successor to the Legislative assembly?
The National convention.
49
What was the French Republic?
A new Republic created in September of 1792.
50
What were the ideas shown in the French Republic?
Ideas of Democracy and Equality, but also had laws that caused fear and paranoia.
51
What happened to religion after the French Republic?
It was looked down on, and many religious artifacts were destroyed.
52
What was the cult of reason?
An Atheistic religion created as a replacement for the catholic churches - converted to temples of reason.
53
What happened to the Christian calendar after the French republic?
A brand new revolutionary calendar was created.
54
What did the radicals now controlling the government do to people who were suspected as enemies of the revolution?
They sent them to prison.
55
As the foreign enemies began to take more and more land, what did George Danton do to defend?
He called men to defend the republic.
56
As enemy troops arrived in Verdun, what did the people of Paris fear?
They feared that the prisons with counter-revolutionary people became breeding grounds for counter-revolutionary conspiracies, and feared what would happen if the russians and Austrians freed them.
57
What did Marat write would happen if the prisons were freed?
He feared that the aristocats would enact their vengeance on the people.
58
What was the September Massacres of 1792?
When all the counter-revolutionaries were all killed.
59
Why was King Louis (now citizen Louis) killed?
Austria and Russia said that after they defeat france they would return King Louis to the throne, so the radicals knew that they can't return him to the throne once he's dead, so he was voted (by ONE vote) to be sent to the Guilliotiine.
60
What happened when France actually started winning the war?
More countries joined in, and once again France was pushed back.
61
Since there were still many regions that were counter-revolutionary, and were being forced to fight, what did they do.
They rised against the rest of France.
62
What happened to the moderates?
They were no longer part of the national convention when people attacked them, and it was now all radicals.
63
Who was Charlotte Corday?
A person who was horrified of the radicalisation and violence of the revolution, and she blames it on Marat, she wanted to bring PEACE back to france so she MURDERED HIM. So PEACEFUL. She was sent to the Guillotine.
64
What was the Reign of Terror?
When the radicals began to send everybody who even hinted at opposing their ideas to the Guillotine, Robespierre even said that "Terror is the Order of the Day", to scare enemies.
65
How many people were sent to the Guillotine during the reign of terror?
Around 40,000 people were sent to the Guillotine.
66
As France finally began to get better through terror, what did Danton and his followers ask Robespiere?
They asked him to bring down the terror he was putting among everyone, however, they too were sent to the Guillotine.
67
What was the great terror?
The period that Robespierre went VERY mental, and the amount of people sent to the Guillotine was insanely high.
68
What was the cult of the supreme being?
A religion Robespierre created that worships him.
69
What mistake did Robespierre make that got him killed?
He made a speech to the national convention saying that there is a list of enemies to be sent to the guillotine, and that many of the members are on the list. The national convention then voted for HIM to be sent to the Guillotine.
70
After the death of Robespierre, who took control of the convention?
The Thermidorians.
71
What was the new government after Robespierre's demise?
The Directory, which stopped power from falling into the hands of one individual (we know how that turned out)
72
Who stopped people who wanted the monarchy to be back?
Napoleon, who was promoted to a general and lost people's control of the revolution.
73
Why was the Directory a bad government for the rest of the revolution?
It was full of corruption, and could not keep the economy afloat.
74
Who was able to knock Austria out of the war?
Napoleon.
75
How was the Directory overthrown?
Napoleon's troops intimidated them into creating a new constitution that made Napoleon a Dictator.
76
When did the French Revolution end?
In 1799

Year 9 (23 decks)

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