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History of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

In what period is science the art of killing and not healing?

A

Before Christ (BC)

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2
Q

True or False. In primitive times, people believed that illness and diseases were a punishment from the Gods.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False. In primitive times, the first physicians were witch doctors who treated illness with ceremonies.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False. In primitive times, herbs and plants were 1st pharmaceuticals.

A

True

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5
Q

_______ was the first surgeries in primitive era, in which a hole is cut through the skull to release demons.

A

trepanation

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6
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, people wrote prescriptions on thin papers.

A

False. Papyrus

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7
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, priests hire physicians.

A

False. Physicians ARE priests

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8
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, temples were used as places of worships, medical schools, and hospitals.

A

True

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9
Q

In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, _______ would be use for bloodletting (draining human blood).

A

Leeches

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10
Q

True or False. In Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC, leeches that were used for bloodletting were painful.

A

False. DOES NOT hurt because their saliva contains a natural anesthetic.

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11
Q

They were the first to keep accurate health records.

A

Egypt: 3000BC – 300BC

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12
Q

In China: 2700 BC - 2600, it is the first anatomy book.

A

Neiching

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13
Q

True or False. In China: 2700 BC - 2600, religion prohibited dissection.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False. In China: 2700 BC - 2600, recorded a _______ of medications based on herbs

A

pharmacopoeia

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15
Q

True or False. In China: 2700 BC - 2600, religion prohibited acupuncture.

A

False. Therapies included acupuncture

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16
Q

What is the “Father of Indian Surgery” in India: 1000 BC

A

Sushruta

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17
Q

True or False. In India: 1000 BC, Dhanvantri system of ayurvedic medicine.

A

True

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18
Q

True or False. In Greece: 1200BC – 200BC, they believed illness is a result of natural causes.

A

True

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19
Q

They were the first to attempt to study objectively the human body.

A

Greece: 1200BC – 200BC

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20
Q

Regarded as the “Father of Medicine”; first to attempt to separate the practice of medicine from religion and superstition.

A

Hippocrates

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21
Q

He named different arteries and veins and thought arteries contained air and veins carried blood.

22
Q

Known as the “Father of Anatomy”; encouraged the use of dissection in the study of anatomy and identified heart as the origin of the human pulse.

23
Q

He believed that the heart is the center for intelligence and emotions.

24
Q

Notion of the Four Humors

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Blood was thought to come from the heart
  2. Phlegm from the brain
  3. Yellow bile from the liver
  4. Black bile from the spleen
25
Temperaments: (Hippocrates)
``` 1. sanguine (pleasure-seeking and sociable) 2. choleric (ambitious and leader-like) 3. melancholic (introverted and thoughtful) 4. phlegmatic (relaxed and quiet). ```
26
True or False. In Rome, Italy: 129 – 201AD, it was proven that arteries carried blood and not air but never thought of pulmonary circulation.
True
27
They believed that blood originated in the liver and flowed outwards to form the flesh.
Rome, Italy: 129 – 201AD
28
True or False. In the Dark Ages, medicine was practiced only in monasteries and convents.
True
29
Sanitation was forgotten in this period and resulted in the spread of serious communicable diseases
Dark Ages
30
It is called the bubonic plague.
The Black Death
31
From the fall of Rome until the European Renaissance of the 15th century, the _______ was the center of medical knowledge.
Islamic world
32
The period wherein stigma attached to dissection of the dead was overcome, allowing advancement of knowledge in anatomy and physiology.
Renaissance Period
33
The greatest anatomist of his time (renaissance period).
Leonardo da Vinci
34
Who was regarded with the folllowing? 1. Father of modern anatomy 2. Greatest anatomist 3. Discarded all previous theories 4. “De humani corporis fabrica”
Andreas Vesalius
35
Showed that the heart is a double pump and how blood actually circulates.
William Harvey
36
William Harvey's “De Motu Cordis” means?
on the motion of heart and blood
37
They own a lodging house and if there is an old or sick person come they kill them and sold the dead body to an anatomist or medical school.
Hare and Burke
38
Period wherein there were many body snatchers.
1750-1832AD
39
Who is this scientist? 1. Father of Genetics 2. Austrian monk and Biologist 3. work in heredity become the basis of the modern theory of genetics
Gregor Mendel
40
He proposed the Theory of Evolution: “All species of life have descended over time from common ancestors.”
Charles Darwin
41
Who is this scientist? 1. Invented X-Ray 2. 1st Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901
Wilhelm Von Roentgen
42
Discovered the double helical structure of the DNA molecules
Watson and Crick
43
The _______________ were the first healers within the tribal communities of ancient Philippines.
Philippine shamans or babaylans
44
10 - categories of folk doctors in the Philippines:
1. the babaylan ("religious leader"), 2. the albularyo, 3. the manghihilot or hilot (the traditional "massage therapists"), 4. the magpapaanak (the traditional "midwife", also sometimes called a hilot), 5. the mangluluop, 6. the manghihila, 7. the mangtatawas, 8. the mediko, 9. the faith healer, 10. the local shaman healers (such as those that are from the Cordilleras).
45
Tools that improve the study of Anatomy and Physiology
1. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) 2. X-RAY 3. CAT or CT-Scan (Computed Axial Tomography) 4. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) 5. Endoscopy
46
Improved microscopy
TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)
47
Important tool in viewing hard organs such as bones
X-RAY
48
Converts x-rays to digital info and is better for soft tissue.
CAT or CT-Scan (Computed Axial Tomography)
49
Radioactive substances are injected and detected | through its emitted radiation and can different cancer and normal soft tissues.
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
50
Aid in operation with minor incision
Endoscopy

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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