history of english Flashcards
(23 cards)
great vowel shift dates
1400 - 1600 AD
middle english features
- borrowed words from Norman / French / Latin influences
- start of pronunciation changes
- no standardisation
old english features
anglo-saxon influence after fall of Roman empire
Germanic vocabulary
old english dates
500 - 1100 AD
norman conquest features
increase in french terms
fusion of Old English and Norman = Middle english
king james bible
1611
modernised spellign
morphological change
change in formation or use of words
early modern english features
- Inkhorn terms (influence from Latin / Greek language)
- global exploration bought new influences
- Shakespeare and printing press
globalisation of english dates
20 - 21st century
hierarchical diffusion
first in big cities, then spreads to smaller towns
phonological change
change in pronunciation
printing press
bought to england by Caxton in 15th century
old english words
sing
give
come
mother
father
rise of RP
19th century
cultural shift, more focus on education
geographical diffusion
from central points across adjacent areas
great vowel shift features
- from late middle english to early modern english
- long vowels moved further back in the mouth
- no change in spelling (so didn’t match pronunciation)
- not equal influence, northern dialects had less change, so remained closer to old english
samuel johnson
wrote a dictionairy in 1755
40,000 spellings
robert lowth
- prescriptivism
- wrote a grammar book
- many rules (no multiple negation etc)
syntactical change
change in sentence structure
Norman conquest dates
1066 AD
early modern english dates
1500 - 1800 AD
globalisation of english features
- growth of world englishes
- e.g. Australian, American, Hinglish etc
middle english dates
1100 - 1500 AD
