Language levels Flashcards
PAPER 1 - Language, the individual and society (88 cards)
1
Q
positive face threatening acts
A
damages someone’s self image
2
Q
verbal verb
A
communicative actions
3
Q
abstract noun
A
intangible objects
4
Q
Future progressive
A
Will be -ing (I will be playing)
5
Q
morpheme
A
smallest unit of language
6
Q
euphemism
A
less harsh way of discussing taboo topic
7
Q
glottal
A
hunGRy
8
Q
subordinate clause
A
addition to main clause and cannot stand alone
9
Q
nasal
A
uses nose (M,N)
10
Q
Lateral
A
air past side of tongue (L)
11
Q
anaphoric references
A
refer to something previously mentioned in the text
12
Q
alveolar
A
tongue is behind teeth (d in day)
13
Q
mental / stative verbs
A
perception, cognitive processes and feelings
14
Q
complex sentence
A
contains at least one subordinate clause
15
Q
coordinating conjunction
A
joins two equal clauses
16
Q
simple past
A
- ed (played)
17
Q
pragmatics
A
focus on the implied meaning behind an utterance
18
Q
past perfect progressive
A
had been -ing (I had been playing)
19
Q
cataphoric references
A
refer to something mentioned later on in the text
20
Q
Present progressive
A
Am / is -ing (I am playing)
21
Q
hyponym
A
more specific part of a larger collection
22
Q
common noun
A
general nouns
23
Q
fricative
A
push of air (S,F,TH)
24
Q
types of determiners
A
- demonstrative (specify what is being referred to)
- definite (specific)
- indefinite (general)
25
simple sentence
just a main clause
26
modal verb
verbs which indicate a level of possibility or obligation
27
back-channelling
speaker passively agrees with whats being said
- 'yeah' 'mhmm'
28
velar
tongue is pressed against back of mouth (Great)
29
past perfect
had + ed (I had played)
30
orthography
study of writing and the rules of writing
- e.g. spelling, capitalisation and punctuation
31
relative clause
adds more information and begins with a relative pronoun
32
dysphemism
blunt way to talk about a taboo topic
33
post-alveolar
tongue is slightly further back from alveolar ridge (SHut)
34
turn taking
when speakers take turns to speak
35
Repair
Speaker makes a mistake then corrects it
- 'Joe was reading - I mean writing'
36
Present perfect progressive
Have / has been -ing (I have been playing)
37
Simple future
Will (I will play)
38
false starts
speaker starts speaking, then stops, then restarts
- 'John was eati- I saw John eating'
39
phrase definition
words which are centred around a head word
40
main verb
main action of a sentence
41
auxiliary verb
assists the main verb
42
bilabial
both lips used (b)
43
intransitive verb
no object
44
Affricate
starts as affricate and ends as plosive (cheese)
45
adjacency pairs
pairs of conventional pieces of speech (e.g - 'hello' 'hiya!')
46
graphology
study of how aesthetics are produced
47
dynamic verb
has a definitive start and end
48
antonym
opposite meaning
49
base adjective
simplest form of adjective
50
palatal
roof of mouth (Jungle)
51
comparative adjective
used to show a difference between two things
52
hypernym
umbrella term / generic
53
simple present
infinitive form (I play)
54
semantic field
group of words / phrases with a common meaning
55
labiodental
combines lips and teeth (Vase)
56
material verb
events / actions
57
denotation
dictionary definition
58
plosive
quick start and stop of air (D,T,P)
59
Approximant
mouth parts are close, but do not touch (R,W)
60
parenthetical clause
exists in parenthesis
61
superlative adjective
used to indicate the most extreme form
62
synonym
same meaning
63
subordinating conjunction
joins a subordinate clause
64
copular verb
linking
65
Filler words
words to gain thinking time
- 'errr' 'ummm'
66
grammar
study of how language is structured with multiple words present
67
minor sentence
incomplete sentence (doesn't contain a subject, object and verb)
68
past progressive
was + ing (I was playing)
69
sentence types
- interrogative (question)
- declarative (statement)
- imperative (command)
- exclamative (exclamation)
70
types of phrase
- verb
- noun
- adjective
- adverb
- prepositional
71
modal auxiliary
verbs which both assist the main verb and indicate possibility
72
collocates
words that go together (salt and pepper)
73
connotation
ideas associated with a word
74
Non-fluency features
disrupt the flow of conversation
75
negative face threatening acts
attacks someone's freedom, wants and desires
76
concrete noun
tangible objects
77
transitive verb
have a direct object
78
inflection
added to infinitive to change the tense of a word
79
4 types of adverb
- time (when)
- place (where)
- manner (how)
- frequency (how often)
80
Grice's maxims
- quality (must be truthful / accurate)
- quantity (not too much / little)
- relevance
- manner (clear + polite, not ambiguous)
81
Future perfect progressive
Will have been -ing (I will have been playing)
82
Future perfect
Will have -ed (I will have played)
83
types of morphemes
- free / root (stands alone)
- bound (cannot stand alone)
- suffix bound (after a word)
- prefix bound (before a word)
84
Present perfect
Have / has -ed (I have played)
85
proper noun
nouns which require capital letters, like places and names
86
main clause
core of the sentence which can stand alone
87
dental
placed on teeth (THink)
88
compound sentence
2 or more simple sentences joined by conjunction
