History of ethical thought

Question 1

a monotheistic
religion that originated with
the ancient Hebrews. It
encompasses the cultural,
social, and religious practices
of Jewish people.

Answer 1

judaism

Question 2

The earliest recorded code of ethics is found in the

Answer 2

Tanakh and Talmud,

Question 3

the sacred scriptures of the
Hebrews which were transcribed beginning in 1200
BCE.

Answer 3

Tanakh and Talmud,

Question 4

the Hebrew Bible, a collection of sacred
Jewish texts

Answer 4

tanakh

Question 5

Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible, a collection of sacred Jewish texts consisting of the

Answer 5

Torah,
Nevi’im (Prophets), and
Ketuvim (Writings)

Question 6

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible
(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy),
containing foundational laws and narratives.

Answer 6

torah

Question 7

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible

Answer 7

(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy),

Question 8

The Prophets, including historical books and
books of prophecy.

Answer 8

nevi’im

Question 9

The Writings, including poetry, wisdom
literature, and various other texts.

Answer 9

ketuvim

Question 10

is a compilation of oral Jewish law (the Mishnah) and
commentaries (Gemara) on it, used to interpret and apply the
laws in the Tanakh.

Answer 10

talmud

Question 11

jewish law is also known as

Answer 11

the mishnah

Question 12

commentaries is also known as

Answer 12

gemara

Question 13

The Jewish expression of faith is founded in a complex
system of social laws known as the

Answer 13

halakah

Question 14

halaka states that

Answer 14

right action (“morality”) is a reflection of one’s
obedience to God.

Question 15

God’s
holiness or

Answer 15

kadosh

Question 16

the moral epicenter for all mankind, pointing to the Decalogue (the Ten Commandments) as a succinct
form of the highest ethical code for all men

Answer 16

yahweh

Question 17

a diverse religious and
cultural tradition originating in the
Indian subcontinent, encompassing
a wide range of beliefs, practices,
and philosophies unified by the
concept of dharma, or cosmic order,
and the pursuit of moksha

Answer 17

hinduism

Question 18

promoting ethics as a means to
________, or liberation from the cycle of
reincarnation.

Answer 18

moksha

Question 19

The ultimate deity in hinduism

Answer 19

brahmin

Question 20

the impersonal expression of absolute truth to which all men should aspire

Answer 20

brahmin

Question 21

4 Distinct Stages to
Life (hinduism)

Answer 21

1. PERSONAL DISCIPLINE
2. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
3. DETACHMENT AND REFLECTION
4. UNIVERSAL MORALITY

Question 22

the conclusion of the earliest
Hindu texts, express the ultimate goal of life as
unity with Brahmin which, it is written, can only
be achieved through moral actions

Answer 22

upanishads

Question 23

is an ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (or Dao), the ultimate principle of the universe, which is often translated as “the Way” or “the Path”.

Answer 23

taoism

Question 24

This Chinese philosophy is attributed to
the philosopher _______ and promotes
retreat from society as a means of
attaining social and personal harmon

Answer 24

Lao Tzu

Question 25

According to ______, life ought to be lived in harmony with nature, in simplicity and spontaneity

Answer 25

Taoists

Question 26

yin-yang is also known as

Answer 26

taijitu

Question 27

a philosophy and social code that originated in ancient China. It emphasizes respect, kindness, and social harmony.

Answer 27

Confucianism

Question 28

as a member of the newly created Chinese literati, wrote in response to the many feudal states struggling to maintain existence, as an unprecedented social revolution allowed commoners to take on

Answer 28

Confucius

Question 29

lays out lao tzu idealized feudalism;

Answer 29

analects

Question 30

proposed a familial aristocracy in which the king represented the father

Answer 30

confucius

Question 31

were Confucius’s first followers, his ideal citizens elite scholars and were taught

Answer 31

chun tzu (superior people)

Question 32

The concepts of ____ and ___ are central to Confucianism

Answer 32

jen and li

Question 33

manifest in the love of others which leads to right behavior. One must not treat others in an undesirable manner

Answer 33

Humanity or jen

Question 34

is action in keeping with tradition or rules of conduct

Answer 34

li

Question 35

According to ______, a government is ideally moral, holding in highest regard the interest of the people, which in turn inspires the citizens to aspire to the moral idea

Answer 35

Confucius

Question 36

Confucius’ student ______ extended the responsibilities of the leaders to include social welfare and employment of the most qualified officials rather than those of the highest birthright.

Answer 36

Mencius

Question 37

Four “hearts” compelling action

Answer 37

1. Compassion 2. Shame 3. Ritual 4. Wisdom

Question 38

lays out his idealized feudalism;

Answer 38

analects