III. Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

Question 1

A. Biography

Answer 1

 Born in Stagira, Macedonia.
 Studied at Plato’s Academy for 20 years but later developed his own ideas.
 Tutor to Alexander the Great.
 Established The Lyceum, where he taught and researched multiple fields.

Question 2

B. Works and Contributions

Answer 2

Aristotelian Logic,
Nicomachean Ethics
Politics

Question 3

the foundation of deductive reasoning.

Answer 3

Aristotelian Logic,

Question 4

Defined happiness (eudaimonia) as the highest
human goal.

Answer 4

Nicomachean Ethics

Question 5

Stated that humans are “political animals” and examined the
best forms of government.

Answer 5

Politics

Question 6

eudaimonia means

Answer 6

happiness

Question 7

C. Ethical Perspective

Answer 7

 Proposed Virtue Ethics, focusing on developing good character traits
(virtues) through practice and moderation.
 Introduced the Doctrine of the Mean – Virtue lies between two
extremes (e.g., courage is between recklessness and cowardice).
 Argued that the ultimate purpose of life is to achieve eudaimonia
(flourishing through rational activity).