II. Plato (427-347 BCE)

Question 1

A. Biography (plato)

Answer 1

 Born into an aristocratic Athenian family.
 A student of Socrates and later the teacher of Aristotle.
 Founded The Academy, the first known institution of higher learning in
the Western world.

Question 2

the first known institution of higher learning in
the Western world.

Answer 2

Founded The Academy

Question 3

B. Works and Contributions

Answer 3

The Republic
Theory of Forms

Question 4

– Explored justice, the ideal state, and the philosopher-
king

Answer 4

The Republic

Question 5

Argued that the physical world is just a shadow of the true, eternal, and perfect Forms (or Ideas).

Answer 5

Theory of Forms

Question 6

C. Ethical Perspective

Answer 6

 Believed in an objective moral order based on the Forms (ideal truths).
 Introduced the Tripartite Soul:
 Argued that justice and morality lead to a well-ordered soul and
society.

Question 7

the Tripartite Soul:

Answer 7

 Rational (reasoning, wisdom)
 Spirited (courage, emotions)
 Appetitive (desires, pleasures)

Question 8

D. Death

Answer 8

 Died in his early 80s, likely due to natural causes.
 Continued to influence philosophy through his students and writings.