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Immunology and Serology > History of Immunology > Flashcards

History of Immunology Flashcards

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1
Q

____ are foreign substances that induce a host response.

A

Antigens

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2
Q

____ can be defined as the study of a host’s reactions to foreign substances that are introduced into the body.

A

Immunology

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3
Q

____ is the condition of being resistant to infection.

A

Immunity

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4
Q

____ is the Father of Immunology.

A

Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

This event was considered the birth of Immunology.

A

Discovery of live attenuated vaccine

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6
Q

The first recorded attempts to deliberately induce immunity date back to the ____.

A

1500

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7
Q

The ____ practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.

A

Chinese

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8
Q

The Chinese practiced a form of immunization by ____ derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.

A

inhaling dried powders

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9
Q

The Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the ____.

A

crusts of smallpox lesion

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10
Q

____ was able to successfully prevent infection with smallpox by injecting a less harmful substance—cowpox.

A

Edward Jenner

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11
Q
  • Date: 1798
  • Person: Edward Jenner
  • Contribution:
A

Smallpox vaccination (came from cowpox lesions)

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12
Q
  • Date: 1798
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Smallpox vaccination (came from cowpox lesions)
A

Edward Jenner

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13
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Edward Jenner
  • Contribution: Smallpox vaccination (came from cowpox lesions)
A

1798

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14
Q
  • Date: 1500
  • Person: Chinese
  • Contribution:
A

They practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.

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15
Q
  • Date: 1500
  • Person:
  • Contribution: They practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.
A

Chinese

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16
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Chinese
  • Contribution: They practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.
A

1500

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17
Q

____ is the immunization practiced by Chinese derived from inhaling smallpox lesion crusts.

A

Variolation

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18
Q

Smallpox vaccination was derived from ____.

A

Cowpox lesion

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19
Q

Vaca means ____.

A

cow

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20
Q

Vaccination came from the Latin word ____.

A

vaca

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21
Q
  • Date: 1862
  • Person: Haeckel
  • Contribution:
A

Phagocytosis

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22
Q
  • Date: 1862
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Phagocytosis
A

Haeckel

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23
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Haeckel
  • Contribution: Phagocytosis
A

1862

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24
Q

____ means cell eating or engulfment.

A

Phagocytosis

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25
____ is the **Father of Immunology**.
Louis Pasteur
26
* **Date:** 1880 - 1881 * **Person:** Louis Pasteur * **Contribution:**
Live, attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax vaccine
27
* **Date:** 1880 - 1881 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Live, attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax vaccine
Louis Pasteur
28
* **Date:** * **Person:** Louis Pasteur * **Contribution:** Live, attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax vaccine
1880 - 1881
29
____ means to weaken the antigen.
Attenuated
30
What are the means of Attenuation?
* Heating * Aging * Chemical
31
* **Date:** 1883 -1905 * **Person:** Ellie Metchnikoff * **Contribution:**
Cellular Theory of Immunity through Phagocytosis
32
* **Date:** 1883 -1905 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Cellular Theory of Immunity through Phagocytosis
Ellie Metchnikoff
33
* **Date:** * **Person:** Ellie Metchnikoff * **Contribution:** Cellular Theory of Immunity through Phagocytosis
1883 -1905
34
* **Date:** 1885 * **Person:** Louis Pasteur * **Contribution:**
* Therapeutic Vaccination * First report of live attenuated rabies vaccine
35
* **Date:** 1885 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Therapeutic Vaccination, First report of live attenuated rabies vaccine
Louis Pasteur
36
* **Date:** * **Person:** Louis Pasteur * **Contribution:** Therapeutic Vaccination, First report of live attenuated rabies vaccine
1885
37
* **Date:** 1890 * **Person:** Von Behring, Kitasata * **Contribution:**
Humoral Theory of Immunity
38
* **Date:** 1890 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Humoral Theory of Immunity
Von Behring, Kitasata
39
* **Date:** * **Person:** Von Behring, Kitasata * **Contribution:** Humoral Theory of Immunity
1890
40
* **Date:** 1891 * **Person:** Robert Koch * **Contribution:**
Cutaneous Hypersensitivity (Type IV - delayed)
41
* **Date:** 1891 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Cutaneous Hypersensitivity (Type IV - delayed)
Robert Koch
42
* **Date:** * **Person:** Robert Koch * **Contribution:** Cutaneous Hypersensitivity (Type IV - delayed)
1891
43
____ is the exaggerated reaction of the immune system.
Hypersensitivity
44
Types of Hypersensitivity
* **I** - immediate * **II** - cellular * **III** - immune complex deposition * **IV** - delayed
45
# **Which Type of Hypersensitivity?** Immediate reaction
Type I
46
# **Which Type of Hypersensitivity?** Cellular
Type II
47
# **Which Type of Hypersensitivity?** Immune complex deposition
Type III
48
# **Which Type of Hypersensitivity?** Delayed
Type IV
49
* **Date:** 1894 - 1895 * **Person:** Pfeiffer & Buchner * **Contribution:**
Complement-mediated cytolysis
50
* **Date:** 1894 - 1895 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Complement-mediated cytolysis
Pfeiffer & Buchner
51
* **Date:** * **Person:** Pfeiffer & Buchner * **Contribution:** Complement-mediated cytolysis
1894 - 1895
52
* **Date:** 1896 * **Person:** Gruber & Durham * **Contribution:**
Agglutination Reactions
53
* **Date:** 1896 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Agglutination Reactions
Gruber & Durham
54
* **Date:** * **Person:** Gruber & Durham * **Contribution:** Agglutination Reactions
1896
55
* **Date:** 1896 * **Person:** Ferdinand Widal * **Contribution:**
Agglutination reaction for diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
56
* **Date:** 1896 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Agglutination reaction for diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
Ferdinand Widal
57
* **Date:** * **Person:** Ferdinand Widal * **Contribution:** Agglutination reaction for diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
1896
58
* **Date:** 1900 * **Person:** Paul Ehrlich * **Contribution:**
Antibody formation theory
59
* **Date:** 1900 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Antibody formation theory
Paul Ehrlich
60
* **Date:** * **Person:** Paul Ehrlich * **Contribution:** Antibody formation theory
1900
61
* **Date:** 1900 * **Person:** Karl Landsteiner * **Contribution:**
ABO Blood Group
62
* **Date:** 1900 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** ABO Blood Group
Karl Landsteiner
63
* **Date:** * **Person:** Karl Landsteiner * **Contribution:** ABO Blood Group
1900
64
____ is the severe form of allergy.
Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
65
* **Date:** 1902 * **Person:** Portier & Charles Richet * **Contribution:**
Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
66
* **Date:** 1902 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
Portier & Charles Richet
67
* **Date:** * **Person:** Portier & Charles Richet * **Contribution:** Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
1902
68
* **Date:** 1903 * **Person:** Arthus * **Contribution:**
Arthus reaction of hypersensitivity (Type III)
69
* **Date:** 1903 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Arthus reaction of hypersensitivity (Type III)
Arthus
70
* **Date:** * **Person:** Arthus * **Contribution:** Arthus reaction of hypersensitivity (Type III)
1903
71
* **Date:** 1903 * **Person:** Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys * **Contribution:**
Discovered opsonins
72
* **Date:** 1903 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Discovered opsonins
Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys
73
* **Date:** * **Person:** Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys * **Contribution:** Discovered opsonins
1903
74
____ coats or bind to the microorganism to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis.
Opsonins
75
* **Date:** 1903 * **Person:** George Snell * **Contribution:**
* Worked out genetics of murine MHC * Generated congenic strains
76
* **Date:** 1903 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Worked out genetics of murine MHC, Generated congenic strains
George Snell
77
* **Date:** * **Person:** George Snell * **Contribution:** Worked out genetics of murine MHC, Generated congenic strains
1903
78
* **Date:** 1906 * **Person:** Von Pirquet & Schick * **Contribution:**
Described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity
79
* **Date:** 1906 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity
Von Pirquet & Schick
80
* **Date:** * **Person:** Von Pirquet & Schick * **Contribution:** Described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity
1906
81
* **Date:** 1906 * **Person:** Jean Dausset * **Contribution:**
Early pioneer in the study of MHC and HLA
82
* **Date:** 1906 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Early pioneer in the study of MHC and HLA
Jean Dausset
83
* **Date:** * **Person:** Jean Dausset * **Contribution:** Early pioneer in the study of MHC and HLA
1906
84
* **Date:** 1911 * **Person:** Niel Jerne * **Contribution:**
* Hemolytic plaque assay * Early version of Clonal selection
85
* **Date:** 1911 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Hemolytic plaque assay, Early version of Clonal selection
Niel Jerne
86
* **Date:** * **Person:** Niel Jerne * **Contribution:** Hemolytic plaque assay, Early version of Clonal selection
1911
87
* **Date:** 1915 - 1987 * **Person:** Peter Medawar * **Contribution:**
Acquired immunologic tolerance
88
* **Date:** 1915 - 1987 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Acquired immunologic tolerance
Peter Medawar
89
* **Date:** * **Person:** Peter Medawar * **Contribution:** Acquired immunologic tolerance
1915 - 1987
90
* **Date:** 1920 * **Person:** Jules Bordet * **Contribution:**
Nobel prize for his work on complement system
91
* **Date:** 1920 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Nobel prize for his work on complement system
Jules Bordet
92
* **Date:** * **Person:** Jules Bordet * **Contribution:** Nobel prize for his work on complement system
1920
93
* **Date:** 1920 * **Person:** Baruj Bernacerraf * **Contribution:**
* Immune response genes * First demonstration of MHC restriction
94
* **Date:** 1920 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Immune response genes, First demonstration of MHC restriction
Baruj Bernacerraf
95
* **Date:** * **Person:** Baruj Bernacerraf * **Contribution:** Immune response genes, Demonstration of MHC restriction
1920
96
* **Date:** 1920 - 1985 * **Person:** Rodney Porter * **Contribution:**
Polypeptide structure of antibody molecule
97
* **Date:** 1920 - 1985 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Polypeptide structure of antibody molecule
Rodney Porter
98
* **Date:** * **Person:** Rodney Porter * **Contribution:** Polypeptide structure of antibody molecule
1920 - 1985
99
* **Date:** 1921 * **Person:** Albert Calmette, Camille Guerin * **Contribution:**
Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
100
* **Date:** 1921 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
Albert Calmette & Camille Guerin
101
* **Date:** * **Person:** Allbert Calmette, Camille Guerin * **Contribution:** Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
1921
102
* **Date:** 1921 * **Person:** Rosalyn Yalow * **Contribution:**
Radio Immunoassay (RIA) of peptide hormones
103
* **Date:** 1921 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Radio Immunoassay of peptide hormones
Rosalyn Yalow
104
* **Date:** * **Person:** Rosalyn Yalow * **Contribution:** Radio Immunoassay (RIA) of peptide hormones
1921
105
* **Date:** 1922 * **Person:** Alexander Flemming * **Contribution:**
Action of lysozymes
106
* **Date:** 1922 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Action of lysozymes
Alexander Flemming
107
* **Date:** * **Person:** Alexander Flemming * **Contribution:** Action of lysozymes
1922
108
* **Date:** 1924 * **Person:** James Gowan * **Contribution:**
Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by Lymphocytes
109
* **Date:** 1924 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by Lymphocytes
James Gowan
110
* **Date:** * **Person:** James Gowan * **Contribution:** Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by Lymphocytes
1924
111
* **Date:** 1927/1946 * **Person:** Cesar Milstein, Georges Kohler * **Contribution:**
Monoclonal Antibody Formation
112
* **Date:** 1927/1946 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Monoclonal Antibody Formation
Cesar Milstein & Georges Kohler
113
* **Date:** * **Person:** Cesar Milstein, Georges Kohler * **Contribution:** Monoclonal Antibody Formation
1927/1946
114
* **Date:** 1929 * **Person:** Gerald Edelman * **Contribution:**
* Ig structure * First complete sequence of Ab molecule
115
* **Date:** 1929 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Ig structure, First complete sequence of Ab molecule
Gerald Edelman
116
* **Date:** * **Person:** Gerald Edelman * **Contribution:** Ig structure, First complete sequence of Ab molecule
1929
117
* **Date:** 1930 * **Person:** Max Theiler * **Contribution:**
Yellow fever vaccine
118
* **Date:** 1930 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Yellow fever vaccine
Max Theiler
119
* **Date:** * **Person:** Max Theiler * **Contribution:** Yellow fever vaccine
1930
120
* **Date:** 1938 * **Person:** Marrack * **Contribution:**
Antigen-antibody binding
121
* **Date:** 1938 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Antigen-antibody binding
Marrack
122
* **Date:** * **Person:** Marrack * **Contribution:** Antigen-antibody binding
1938
123
* **Date:** 1939 * **Person:** Susumu Tonegawa * **Contribution:**
Somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes
124
* **Date:** 1939 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes
Susumu Tonegawa
125
* **Date:** * **Person:** Susumu Tonegawa * **Contribution:** Somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes
1939
126
* **Date:** 1949 * **Person:** Salk and Sabin * **Contribution:**
Polio Vaccine
127
* **Date:** 1949 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Polio Vaccine
Salk and Sabin
128
* **Date:** * **Person:** Salk and Sabin * **Contribution:** Polio Vaccine
1949
129
* **Date:** 1957 * **Person:** Burnet * **Contribution:**
Clonal Selection Theory
130
* **Date:** 1957 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Clonal Selection Theory
Burnet
131
* **Date:** * **Person:** Burnet * **Contribution:** Clonal Selection Theory
1957
132
* **Date:** 1957 * **Person:** Alic Isaacs, Jean Lindemann * **Contribution:**
Interferons
133
* **Date:** 1957 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Interferons
Alic Isaacs, Jean Lindemann
134
* **Date:** * **Person:** Alic Isaacs, Jean Lindemann * **Contribution:** Interferons
1957
135
____ are signaling proteins that are released by host cells in response to virus.
Interferons
136
* **Date:** 1980 * **Person:** Luc Montaigner * **Contribution:**
Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)
137
* **Date:** 1980 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)
Luc Montaigner
138
* **Date:** * **Person:** Luc Montaigner * **Contribution:** Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)
1980
139
* **Date:** 1980 * **Person:** Robert Gallo * **Contribution:**
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
140
* **Date:** 1980 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Robert Gallo
141
* **Date:** * **Person:** Robert Gallo * **Contribution:** Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
1980
142
* **Date:** 1986 * **Person:** Mosmann * **Contribution:**
Th1 vs. Th2 Model of T-helper Function
143
* **Date:** 1986 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Th1 vs. Th2 Model of T-helper Function
Mosmann
144
* **Date:** * **Person:** Mosmann * **Contribution:** Th1 vs. Th2 Model of T-helper Function
1986
145
* **Date:** 1991 * **Person:** E. Dounal Thomas, Joseph Murray * **Contribution:**
Concepts of transplantation
146
* **Date:** 1991 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Concepts of transplantation
E. Dounal Thomas & Joseph Murray
147
* **Date:** * **Person:** E. Dounal Thomas, Joseph Murray * **Contribution:** Concepts of transplantation
1991
148
* **Date:** 1996 - 1998 * **Contribution:**
Toll-like Receptors
149
* **Date:** * **Contribution:** Toll-like Receptors
1996-1998
150
* **Date:** 1996 * **Person:** Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel * **Contribution:**
Mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells
151
* **Date:** 1996 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells
Peter Doherty & Rolf Zinkernagel
152
* **Date:** * **Person:** Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel * **Contribution:** Mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells
1996
153
* **Date:** 2001 * **Contribution:**
FOX3p
154
* **Date:** * **Contribution:** FOX3p
2001
155
____ is the gene directing regulatory T-cell development.
FOX3p
156
* **Date:** 2005 * **Person:** Frazer * **Contribution:**
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
157
* **Date:** 2005 * **Person:** * **Contribution:** Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
Frazer
158
* **Date:** * **Person:** Frazer * **Contribution:** Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
2005

Immunology and Serology (5 decks)

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