history of medical technology profession Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
who is the father of medicine
A
hippocrates
2
Q
Hippocrates is the author of
A
Hippocratic oath
3
Q
what are the 4 humors
A
blood
- hemoglobin-rich portion
phlegm
- clear plasma
yellow bile (choleric)
- bilirubin residue [yellowish waste from rbc]
black bile (melancholic)
- platelet and clotting factors
*made by Galen who is a greek physician and philosopher
[he believed balance among these humors meant good health]
4
Q
what did Hippocrates advocated for
A
tasting of urine
- use the senses to diagnose (ex: if urine is sweet it may be caused by diabetes)
listening of lungs
- ear senses to check for abnormal sounds
observing outward appearance
triad of regimen approach to treat diseases
1. bloodletting
2. surgery
3. drugs/ medicine
5
Q
who describes diabetes as “diarrhea of urine”
A
Galen
6
Q
define
- polyphagia
- polydipsia
- polyuria
A
- extreme hunger
- excessive thirst
- increase of normal urine output
7
Q
what is the normal urine output for adults
A
1,200- 1,500 ml
range: 600 - 2,00 ml
8
Q
uroscopy aka
A
water casting
- widely practices in medieval europe
[ancient medical practice where doctors would examine a patient’s urine to help diagnose diseases]
9
Q
what are the physical characteristics of urine to examine
A
colour (yellow bcs of urochrome pigment)
odour
clarity/ transparency
volume
viscosity
sweetness
10
Q
who invented the spirometer
A
john hutchinson
11
Q
who invented the sphygmomanometer
A
jules herisson
12
Q
what do spirometer measure
A
vital capacity of lungs
13
Q
what do sphygmomanometer measure
A
blood pressure
14
Q
when did the first book detailing the characteristics of urine was written
A
900AD
15
Q
what technology is used to visualize small cells including tumor cells
A
eletron microscope
16
Q
why was the hospital real in Cebu was moved to Manilla
A
to cater military patients
*Hospital Real in Cebu – First hospital by the Spaniards
16
Q
who built the San Lazaro Hospitals for the poors and lepers
A
the Franciscans in 1578
[Now National Hospital for HIV]
17
Q
what year was UST founded
A
1611
- founded by the Dominicans
18
Q
where did the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine founded and when was it established
A
at UST in 1871
19
Q
who converted the Spanish military hospital into
the First Reserve Hospital
A
Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott
20
Q
who is the philippine war hero who worked as a chemical expert in the Laboratorio Municipal de Manila
A
General Antonio Luna
21
Q
the establishment of bureau of gov laboratories is under what act?
A
under the Philippine Commission Act no. 156
22
Q
who established the bureau of gov laboratories
A
the US govt. through the philippine commission
23
Q
when did the japan attacked the whole of manila
A
8 dec 1941
24
what year was the bureau of health was reprganized as the ph health services
1915
25
who associated with the Bureau of Science in 1905
Dr. Prudencio Sta. Ana
Dr. Pio de Roda.
*the organization collaborate with the army board for the study of tropical diseases
26
in 1944, where was the medical laboratory relocated to
west pacific areas
*in 1942, the 3rd Medical Laboratory assigned to South West Pacifi
27
who is the first president/ father of PAMET
Crisanto Almario
28
who is the current president PAMET
Luella A. Vertucio
29
Current president of PASMETH
Jose Jurel M. Nuevo
- dean at all OLFU campus in MLS
30
who is the father of microbiology
antonie van leeuwenhoek
[first to observe and describe microorganisms using his handcrafted microscopes in the late 1600s]
31
who discovered vaccination to small pox (immunology)
edward jenner
32
who identified organs by their type of tissues (histology)
marie francois xavier bichat
[father of modern histology]
33
who produces disease in worms by injections
agostino bassi
34
who produced immunity to rabies
louis pasteur
35
who is the law of heredity
gregor mendel
[father of genetics]
36
jospeh lister demonstrated that surgical infections are caused by
airbone organisms
37
who presented the first pictures of bacilli
robert koch
[famous for his work in microbiology and for identifying the bacteria that cause diseases like tuberculosis and cholera]
38
who described the phagocytes in blood and role in fighting infections
elie metchnikoff
39
who introduced steam steralization in surgery
ernst von bergmann
[Chamberland: Invented the autoclave
Von Bergmann: Introduced and applied steam sterilization in surgery]
40
who distinguish blood groups through the development of ABO blood system
karl landsteiner
41
who developed immunlogic test for syphillis
august von wassermann
42
a microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and virus
rickettsiae
*discovered by Howard Taylor Ricketts
43
who worked the the chemical structure of hemoglobin
hans fischer
44
who developed poliomyelitis vaccine
jonas salk
45
who introduced westgard rules for quality control in clinical laboratory
james westgard
46
who introduces hepatitis B vaccine
baruch samuel blumberg
47
who developed PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
kay mullis
48
who introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF)
andre van steirteghem
49
who derived the first human stem cell line
james thompson
50
who is the first graduate of MT program
dr. jesse umali
- he continued medicine in FEU
- an OB-Gynecologist and owner of Omega Lab, Vito Cruz, Manila
51
which year is the reopening of the manila public health lab
1945
52
which year did japan atacked manila (pearl harbor)
1941
53
what machine is made for seeing the heart, lungs andvalved possible
cardiac catherization and aniography
54
where is the first opening of the 1st school of medical technology in the ph
manila sanitarium and hospital (MSH)
[which is now known as the Adventist Medical Center Manila, located in Pasay City]
- opened and under the leadership of Dr. Willa Hedrick
55
this was the first formal training course for medical tehnology published by John Kolmer
The Demand for Training of Laboratory Technicians
56
who was the first director of the Bureau of Government Laboratories
Paul Freer
57
who reopened the Manila Public Health Laboratory
Dr. Pio de Roda with the help of Dr. Mariano Icasiano (Manila City Health officer)
and then
Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana:
they conducted a training prpgram for aspiring laboratory technicians after the reopening of Manila Public Health Lab
58
who converted the Spanish Military Hospital into the First Reserve Hospital
Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott
59
which century was when the medical practitioners werent able to conduct physical examinations of the body
11th century
60
which century was when the mechanical techniques and cadaver dissections are being used to provide a more objective and accurate diagnosis
18th century
61
which century was when the physicians began using machines for diagnosis (spirometer and sphygmomanometer)
19th century
62
what are the 3 ways to treat disease according to Hippocrates
triad of regimen
1. bloodletting
- removing blood to "balance the humours"
2. surgery
3. drugs/ medicine
63
indication of polyuria
< 2,500 ml/day (adult)
< 2.5 - 3 ml/ kg/ hr (children)
64
who determined that intestinal parasitic infection was caused by Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp
Vivian Herrick
65
this describes the treatment of hookworm disease and infection transmissible inn humans
Ebers Papyrus
66
an Arabian physician, also proved that the etiological agent of skin diseases such as scabies were parasites
Avenzoar
[first doctors to prove that parasites can cause disease where he correctly identified the cause of scabies — a parasite, not an imbalance of humors]
67
excess fecal output =
excess urine output =
excess fecal output = diarrhea
excess urine output = diabetes
68
Diabetes Mellitus vs. Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Mellitus:
- caused by problems with the hormone insulin
[Insulin helps control blood sugar (glucose) levels
If insulin is low or not working well, blood sugar stays too high
Two types:
Type 1 – the body makes little or no insulin
Type 2 – the body resists insulin or doesn’t use it properly]
Diabetes Insipidus:
- not related to blood sugar at all
- caused by problems with antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin
[ADH helps the kidneys retain water and reduce urine output
If ADH is low or the kidneys don’t respond to it, the body loses too much water]
69
who authored the book entitled "An introduction to the Profession of Medical Technology"
Ruth Williams
70
Father of Pathology
Rudolf Virchow
- founder of the Archives of Pathology in Berlin
- emphasize the study of manifestation of diseases and infections which are visible at the cellular level by means of a microscope
71
what are Rudolf Virchow’s Contribution To Science
Cell Biology:
- cell theory
- leukemia cells
- theory of biogenesis
Anatomy:
- cells in bone and connective tissues
- described myelin
- founded the field of comparative anatomy
Pathology:
- founded the field of cellular anatomy
- microscopic pathological anatomy
- explained the mechanism of pulmonary thromboembolism
- coined term zoonosis [disease spreads from animals to humans]
- described the life cycle of Trchinella spirallis
72
who is first to utilize microscope in examining specimens at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Dr. Calvin Ellis
73
who uses laboratory findings as preliminary evidence in diagnosing and evaluating a patient’s diseas
Dr. William Olcan
74
who performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar
Herman Fehling
75
what are the Major Diagnostic and Therapeutic Medical Inventions
Diagnostic Tools & Imaging:
1816 - Stethoscope - René Laennec- Listen to heart and lungs
1840 - Microscope - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - See microorganisms
1850 - Ophthalmoscope - Hermann von Helmholtz - Examine the inside of the eye
1855 - Laryngoscope - Manuel Garcia & Alfred Kirstein - View throat and larynx
1859 - X-ray - Wilhelm Roentgen - See inside the body without surgery
1941 - Cardiac catheterization & angiography - André Cournand + others - Visualize heart & blood vessels
(developed by Moniz Reboul, Routsthoi)
Cardiac & Respiratory Technology:
1903 - Electrocardiograph (ECG) - Willem Einthoven - Measure electrical activity of the heart
1927 - Drinker Respirator (Iron Lung) - Philip Drinker - Help polio patients breathe
1939 - Heart-lung machine - John Gibbon - Supports heart and lung function during surgery
Therapeutic Methods:
1920 - Kenny Method - Elizabeth Kenny - Physical therapy for polio; led to stretcher innovation
76
who accidentally discovered that radiation could penetrate solid objects of low density; allowed
physicians to view the inside of the body without surgery;
used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since World War II
Wilhelm Roentgen
77
briefly explain the development of medical technology in the US
1895
- University of Pennsylvania
- established William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine [one of the earliest formal clinical lab in the US]
1918
◆ John Kolmer
- developed a method to certify medical technologists
- “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians" (training course for medtech)
1920
- administrative units of clinical laboratories in large hospitals were directed by a chief physician
- 4 to 5 divisions:
● Clinical pathology
● Bacteriology
● Microbiology
● Serology
● Radiology
1922
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
1950s
- professional recognition through Licensure Examination
78
Evolution of Medical Laboratory Science and Education in the U.S.
1. Educational Reforms & Foundations
1871 - U.S. medical education reforms begin (e.g., Harvard introduces “learning by doing”)
1878 - Dr. William Welch sets up a pathology lab at Bellevue; teaches first lab course
Late 1870s - Welch & Prudden apply clinical pathology to diagnosis
1880 - Dr. Osler uses microscopes and blood counters in hospitals
1887 - Osler, Dock, and Douglas build labs and mandate routine lab tests for all patients
1896 - First clinical lab opened at Johns Hopkins Hospital
2. Textbooks, Policies, and Professionalization
1908 - Dr. James Todd writes A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis (later Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods)
1911 - Lab science approved by Insurance Act for disease diagnosis
1915 - Pennsylvania requires hospitals to have full lab facilities and full-time techs
1921 - Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized
1922 - a course bulletin entitled course in medical technology for clinical lab sci was issued at the university of minnesota
3. Institutional Recognition & Curriculum Standardization
1936 - American Board of Pathology is established
1940 - Standard 2-year college curriculum + 1-year lab training formalize
79
where did the PUC, philippine union college moved
Moved from Caloocan to Silang
*PUC offered the first four-year medical technology course
80
briefly state where and where it is held for the following:
1. the first national convention of PAMET
2. the first organizational meeting of PASMETH
3. first annual meeting of PASMETH
4. PASMETH formally registered with SEC, securities and exchange commission
1. at FEU, 20 sept 1964
2. at UST, 22 june 1970
3. at UST, 7 may 1971
4. 6 Oct 1989 by Atty. Dexter Bihis (acted as PASMETH legal counsel)
