History of Psych

Question 1

_____ defended mind-body dualism.

Answer 1

Descartes

Question 2

Founder of scientific psychology

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

• Set up a lab in 1879 in Leipzig

Question 3

_____ set up a psychology lab employing introspection at Johns Hopkins University, helped found the American Psychological Association, and became its first president.

Answer 3

G. Stanley Hall

Question 4

_____ brought introspection to his own lab at Cornell University, analyzed consciousness into its basic elements, and investigated how these elements are related.

Answer 4

Edward Titchener

Question 5

Wundt, Hall, and Titchener were members of the School of ______.

Answer 5

Structuralism

Question 6

First woman president of the American Psychological Association.

Answer 6

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 7

William James, John Dewey & James Cattell belong to the school of _____.

Answer 7

Functionalism

Question 8

Monism

Answer 8

Seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing

Question 9

Dualism

Answer 9

Seeing mind and body as two different things that interact

Question 10

School of Structuralism

Answer 10

Early psychological perspective that emphasized units of consciousness and identification of elements of thought using introspection & detailed descriptions of experience in laboratory settings.

Question 11

Who wrote ‘Principles of Psychology’ [first psych textbook]

Answer 11

William James

Question 12

Behavioural approach to psychology

Answer 12

Psychological perspective concerned with behavioral reactions to stimuli; learning as a result of experience.

Question 13

Founders of Gestalt Psychology

Answer 13

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler

Question 14

Phenomenology

Answer 14

Founded by Edmund Husserl

Study of phenomena that arise from experience of being in the world. Understanding the outside world as it is interpreted through human consciousness.

Question 15

Husserl’s intentionality

Answer 15

Intentionally directing one’s focus to describe realities

Question 16

Heidegger’s dasein

Answer 16

The situated meaning of the human in the world

Question 17

School of Functionalism

Answer 17

Developed by William James in response to structuralism, an approach that emphasized the functions of the mind over its structures and focused on how aspects of consciousness allowed human beings to adapt to their environments.

Studied mental testing, child development, and educational practices.

Aim was to explain behaviour. Paved way for behaviourism.

Question 18

John Locke

Answer 18

Believed that every human mind begins as a tabula rasa, or blank slate, which is shaped by individual experiences to become a unique person.

Question 19

David Hume

Answer 19

Proposed the principles of association; rules that govern the ways in which the mind connects one idea to another and constructs complex ideas out of simpler ones.

Question 20

Phrenology

Answer 20

Developed by German physiologists Gall and Spurzheim that personal traits could be revealed by measuring the size and location of bumps on a person’s skull; thoroughly discredited by subsequent research.

Question 21

Eugenics

Answer 21

The controversial and discredited idea that the human species can be improved through selective breeding.

Hitler tried this.

Question 22

Gestalt psychology

Answer 22

A response to structuralism developed by Max Wertheimer and others in the early twentieth century that sought to discover principles that organized the whole of perceptual experience.

Question 23

____ was one of the first practitioners of family counseling and an advocate of the psychodynamic approach.

Answer 23

Alfred Adler

Question 24

_____ was the American cognitive psychologist who developed a theory of cognitive growth; influential in educational psychology.

Answer 24

Jerome S. Bruner

Question 25

____ was best known for investigating and exposing the atrocious conditions suffered by the mentally ill in state institutions and spearheading a reform movement for the humane treatment of mental patients.

Answer 25

Dorothea Dix

Question 26

Founder of phrenology

Answer 26

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 27

_____ was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse.

Answer 27

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 28

____ was credited with bringing structuralism to the United States.

Answer 28

Edward Titchener

Question 29

First woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Answer 29

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 30

Basic elements of consciousness acc. to Wundt

Answer 30

Sensation, feelings & images

Question 31

Mental testing movement was started by ____.

Answer 31

Galton

Question 32

Who coined the term ‘mental test’?

Answer 32

Cattell

Question 33

Which psychological test was created by Carl Jung?

Answer 33

Word Association Test