History - The Reformation Flashcards
What was the reformation?
the break-up/ schism in christianity and setting up new churches within christianity.
Name 5 Causes of the reformation
Printing press
Greed
Power of the church
Extreme amount of money
Bishops not having belief in the religion
Tyranny
Bribery
having sex while being a priest / bishop / pope
The abuses of the church
Ignorant Priests who knew little about the church and its teachings
Wealthy bishops showing more interest in wealth than the church
Unworthy Popes who led immoral lives
Selling indulgences which was like buying your way into heaven
Name the Abuses of The Church and explain
Simony a practise by popes/ bishops Where they bribed people to appoint Them in to positions (buying positions)
nepotism giving positions to members of your family
Pluralism holding more than one
Position at a time leading to
Neglecting duties
absenteeism a priest or bishop neglecting their duties becausethey did not live in their parish
What was Martin Luthers Story an how he furthered the reformation (Early Life)
Martin Luther was born in Saxony in Germany in 1483.
He became an Augustine monk after getting caught in a violent storm.
A learned theologian, Luther studied the Bible and decided that
Justification by Faith alone was all that was needed to get into heaven.
The 95 Theses
In 1517, John Tetzel sold Indulgences in Wittenberg. This enraged Luther.
The Pope was using the money to rebuild St Peter’s Basilica despite being the richest man in Europe!
Luther wrote out 95 Theses containing a list of everything wrong with the church. He nailed this to the church door in Wittenberg.
His ideas were printed and spread around Germany. He translated them into German allowing the ordinary people to read them.
The theses criticised abuses in the
Church such as Simony(buying selling of positions and Nepotism (giving church jobs to family
The Pope’s Response
Pope Leo X sent a Papal bull (a letter from the Pope) demanding Luther
Recant or take back his views.
Luther publicly burned the Papal Bull along with religious books.
Pope Leo X responded by Excommunicating Luther and declared him a Heretic, someone with false beliefs.
Emperor Charles V and tbe Diet of Worms
Emperor Charles V called the Diet of Worms, a meeting of German princes in the German town of Worms .
Charles V demanded Luther recant his views, but he refused.
Charles passed the Edict of Worms declaring Luther an Outlaw.
Luther went on the run.
Prince Frederick of Saxony and Wartburg Castle
Prince Frederick of Saxony allowed Luther to hide in his castle, Wartburg Castle.
Here Luther translated the Bible into the Vernacular, the language of the people.
He inspired a new religion called Protestantism
Name 5 consequences of the Reformation
Counter- reformation
The church’s way to make the catholic religion better to slow the reformation
People being able to interpret the bible better due to it being in the vernacular
The northern countries of Europe became protestant such as Norway.
Their were only 2 sacraments in the protestant religion due to them being the only two sacrements in the Bible ( Baptism and Communion
Religious conflict
New education and art
Name and Describe the one effects of the Counter Reformation
The jesuits
Aim
Founded by Ignatius Loyala in 1534. The order was like an army with a general at the top and priest ‘soldiers ‘ who were expected to follow orders without question . they quickly gained a reputation as being highly educated and very successful in their two main tasks
To spread catholicism
Actions
Travelling the world, especially the newly discovered lands in the americas and asia as missionaries. They were responsible for the conversion of the peoples of south america and for introducing Catholicism to asia particularly China and Japan
Setting up schools to educate the sons of nobility or of wealthy families.
They deliberately targeted these boys because they would have power and social influence when they grew up
Successful?
Very successful and good for the churches reputation
