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DH 2 > HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

HIV/AIDS Flashcards

Exams 3

1
Q

What cell does HIV attacks?

A

White blood cells/CD4

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2
Q

What is AIDS?

A

The late stage of HIV

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3
Q

Where does HIV enter and what does it seek out?

A

Enters the bloodstream and seeks out T lymphocytes (T4/T-helper)

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4
Q

How is HIV Transmitted?

A

Through infected bodily fluids:
* Pregnancy
* Breatfeeding
* Nonsterile needles
* Blood Transfusion
* Organ transplant
* unprotected sex

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5
Q

Who is HIV more prevalence in?

A
  • Age 13-34
  • Male
  • Blacks
  • Injection drug users
  • Male to Male sexual contact
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6
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a recently infected individuals?

A

No signs or symptoms

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7
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a Stage 1: Acute seroconversion syndrome infected individuals?

A
  • 1-3 weeks after infections
  • Fever
  • Weakness
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • vomiting
  • myalgia
  • weight loss
  • headache
  • pharyngitis
  • skin rashes
  • lymphadenopathy
  • SYMPTOMS CLEAR up on 1-2 weeks
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8
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a Stage 2: Laten period (asympotomatic) and early symptomatic infected individuals?

A

Stage 2: latent period- Asymptomatic
Stage 2: early symptomatic:
* Without treatment last about 1-3 yrs
* Generalized lymphadenopathy
* Fungal infections
* Vaginal yeast
* trichomonal infections
* Oral hairly leukoplakia
* Herpes zoster
* HSV
* HV retinopathy
* Fever
* Night sweats
* Fatigue
* Diarrhea
* Weight loss
* Weakness

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9
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a Stage 3: AIDS infected individuals?

A

Opportunistic infections like:
* Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia,
* cryptococcus,
* tuberculosis,
* toxoplasmosis,
* histoplasmosis
* Malignancies- Kaposi sarcoma,
* Burkitt lymphoma,
* non-Hodgkin lymphoma,
* primary CNS lymphoma,
* invasive cervical cancer,
* carcinoma of rectum,
* slim (wasting) disease

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10
Q

What are other signs and symptoms of HIV?

A
  • Flu like symptoms within 2-4 weeks
  • No symptoms
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11
Q

What are the medical management for HIV/AIDS?

A

**Goals:
* Survival
* restore preserve immunologic function
* Supress plasma HIV load
* Prevent transmission

**Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
* Given to inhibit HIV replication
* Given to restore immune dysfunction
* For all HIV positive PT
* Close physician monitoring

**Chemoprophylaxis
* Given when CD4+ levels drop to prevent opportunistic infection

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12
Q

What are the three areas of treatment?

A
  1. Antiretroviral Therapy
  2. Prophylaxis for opportunistic infection
  3. HIV-related complications
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13
Q

How is HIV managed within dentistry?

A
  • Thorough health history
  • Refer for physician consult if symps are present but no diagnosis
  • USE standard precautions for treatment as with all PT
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14
Q

If a clinician is HIV postive what should they do?

A

They should inform the Patient of their status and recieve consent to treat or not

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15
Q

When treatment planning what to consider?

A

CD4+ count and viral load levels- consult physican

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16
Q

What CD4+ count is okay to treat?

A
  • count greater than 350 cells
  • Count less than 200 cells increases pt to infection and may require antibiotic prophylaxis and other antibacterial measures
17
Q

T/F A patient is asymptomatic, that means we are required to make modifications?

A

False- No modifications needed follow standard precautions.

18
Q

How do you complete NSPTs on HIV+ patients?

A

Complete several teeth and evaluate response and bleeding before moving/ treating the entire mouth.

19
Q

When to treat HIV+ PT?

A
  • HIV+ no Symptoms
  • Adjunctive antibacterial measures are required if CD4+ is less than 200 cells
  • Ok to treat when greater than 350 cells
20
Q

When to delay Tx?

A
  • medical consult if symptoms are present
  • CD4+ count is less than 200cells, PT is at risk for opportunistic infections.
21
Q

What are the common Head, Necka and oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS?

A
  • Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
    ◦ Oral candidiasis (pseudomembranous, erythematous,
    hyperplastic, angular cheilitis)
    ◦ HIV-associated periodontal disease
    ◦ Linear gingival erythema (LGE)
    ◦ Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
    ◦ Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
    ◦ Necrotizing stomatitis (NS)
    ◦ Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
    ◦ Varicella zoster virus infection (VZV)
    ◦ Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL)
    ◦ Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
22
Q

What are some less common head, neck and oral manifestations?

A
  • Aphthous stomatitis- minor, major, herpetiform
    ◦ Human papilloma virus (HPV):
    ◦ Verruca vulgaris; oral squamous papilloma
    ◦ Histoplasmosis
    ◦ Molluscum contagiosum
    ◦ Thrombocytopenia
    ◦ HIV-associated salivary gland disease
    ◦ Hyperpigmentation
    ◦ Lymphoma
    ◦ Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

DH 2 (21 decks)

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