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DH 2 > Mental And Emotional Disorders > Flashcards

Mental And Emotional Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mental disorder?

A
  • Characterized by a clinically significant
    disturbance in an individual’s cognition,
    emotional regulation, or behavior.
  • Associated with distress or impairment in
    important areas of functioning
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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of depression?

A
  • Decrease interest in pleasure/ activities
  • Marked change in weight
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Display total lack of home care
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3
Q

What are the medical management for depression

A
  • SSRI first line medication
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
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4
Q

What are the dental management for depression?

A
  • Xerostomia from medication
  • Increased caries and periodontal disease
  • Possible burning mouth syndrome or facial pain
    syndrome
  • Limit epinephrine
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5
Q

What are the five D of despression ?

A
  • Distress
  • Disregard
  • Distance
  • Defeat
  • Dysfunction
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6
Q

What is bioplar disorder?

A

Variation in moods from mania to major depression or a combination at different times

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7
Q

What is the medical management for bipolar disorder?

A
  • Mood-stabilizing drugs: lithium, valproic acid, lamotrigine, carbamazepine + antidepressant
  • Electroconvulsive therapy
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8
Q

What are the dental management for Bipolar depression?

A
  • Lithium causes xerostomia and stomatitis
  • Lamotrigine causes xerostomia, ulcers, enamel hypoplasia
  • Avoid NSAIDs and erythromycin
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9
Q

What is schizophrenia diagnosis?

A

exhibit two or more for at least one month

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10
Q

What is the medical management for schizophrenia?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants-Dry mouth, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, blurred
vision; limit epinephrine
* Monoamine oxidase inhibitors- Not combatable with many other drugs; limit epinephrine
* SSRI medications-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
* Atypical antidepressants- Some may cause seizures
* Antipsychotic drugs- Produce dry mouth

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11
Q

What are the dental management for schizophrenia?

A
  • Consult prior to treatment
  • Patient take care of their mouth
  • Do not treat unless under physican care
  • schedule morning appointments
  • Caregiver or partner should be presnt
  • Should be more frequent recare intervals consider 3 months
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12
Q

What are the different manifestations of somatoform disorders

A

Somatization Disorder
* Blindness, deafness, paralysis, inability to speak or walk.

Conversion Disorder
* Nervousness, restless or tense related to preoccupation with having or getting a
serious disease or condition

Illness Anxiety Disorder
(Hypochondriasis)
* Distress in social and occupational activities

Pain Disorder
* Attempts to hide perceived flaws with styling, makeup or clothes

Body Dysmorphic Disorder
* Infliction of self-harm by physical, thermal, or chemical injury

Factitious Disorder
* Infliction of self-harm by physical, thermal, or chemical injuryFactitious Disorder

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13
Q

What is anxiety disorders?

A
  • Emotional pain or a feeling that all is not well, or disaster is pending
  • Natural response in humans
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14
Q

What are the different pathology for anxiety disorders ?

A
  • Excessive and uncontrollable
  • No stimulus
  • Results in physical and affective symptom
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15
Q

What are three types of anxiety disorders?

A

PHOBIAS
* Dental phobias, needle phobias
* May cause muscle tension, increased
heart rate, fast breathing, sweating,
stomach cramps.

PANIC DISORDER
* Sudden onset adrenergic surge
* Fight or flight response
* Intense fear often confused with
medical illness
* Same symptoms as anxiety coupled
with fear of dying or fear of going
crazy

G E N E R A L I Z E D A N X I E T Y
D I S O R D E R
* At least six symptoms of
anxiety lasting for 6+ months

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16
Q

What are the medical management for anxiety ?

A
  • Based on cause of anxiety and severity
  • Psychotherapy for severe cases
  • Behavioral therapies
  • Biofeedback
  • Hypnosis
17
Q

What medications are used with anxiety?

A

Antidepressants: tricyclic and SSRI
* MAO inhibitors, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, beta receptor antagonists, sedative hypnotics

18
Q

What are the dental management for anxiety?

A
  • Open communication
  • Maintain respectful demeanor
  • Identify and clarify thoughts and feelings about the dental
    healthcare environment
  • Encourage questions
  • Provide reassurance
  • Schedule additional appointment time
  • Nitrous oxide administration for relaxation
  • Headphones to block out noises
  • Frequently check in with the patient to ask how they are doing
  • Oral Consideration: Medication-induced Xerostomia
19
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Develops after exposure to a
traumatic event

20
Q

What are the medications for PTSD?

A
  • Psychotherapy (talk)
  • Antidepressants
  • Coping strategies
21
Q

What are the dental management for PTSD?

A
  • Establish communication and trust
  • May have increased dental disease due to lack of home care
  • Palliative care for oral
  • manifestations
22
Q

What are some oral manifestations for PTSD?

A

Aphthous ulcers
* Lichen planus
* TMJ dysfunction
* Bruxism
* Myofascial pain
* Glossodynia
* Geographic tongue

23
Q

What is the diffence between anorexia and bulima?

A

Anorexia: Self-starvation →
weight loss, Highest mortality
other than opioid
use disorde.

Bulimia: Alternate dieting or
eating only low calorie “safe foods”
with binge eating on “forbidden” high
calorie foods

24
Q

What are the eating disorders signs and symptoms?

A

Severe weight loss
* Deny being hungry
* Physically active
* Constipation
* Cold intolerance
* Amenorrhea
* Bradycardia
* Hypothermia
* Hypotension
* Bony protrusions
* Dry, scaly skin (xerosis)
* Alopecia or excessive hair
loss (hypertrichosis)
* Fragile nails
* Peripheral edema

25
Q

What are the medical management for eating disorders?

A

Primary goal of treatment:
* Gain weight
* Address cause

  • Combination of therapy and supervised weight gain: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Interpersonal psychotherapy.
  • Medications: Fluoxetine (Prozac) to
    help with depression and underlying cause of condition
26
Q

Dental Management & Oral Considerations of eating disorders

A

Caries prevention
* Take intraoral photographs
* Increase biofilm removal
* Increase topical fluoride
* Use baking soda after vomiting to neutralize pH
* Education about system effects; referral to physician
* Perimolysis: dental erosion without bacterial
involvement / constant exposure to a low pH
* Palatal bruising from pressure to induce vomiting
* Enlarged parotid gland (engorgement)
* Xerostomia

DH 2 (21 decks)

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