HM Manual Chapter 22 Poisoning and Drug Abuse

Question 1

What is the acronym MEDIC?

Answer 1

Medical, Environmental Diagnosis, Intelligence and Counter Measure

Question 2

What term describes a substance that, when introduced into the body it produces a harmful effect on normal body structures or functions?

Answer 2

poison

Question 3

What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?

Answer 3

Toxicology

Question 4

Most ingested poisons produce symptoms within how many hours?

Answer 4

four

Question 5

Less than ___% of poisons have specific antidotes?

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

What is the most common route of poison exposure?

Answer 6

Ingestion

Question 7

What term describes the local effect acidic poisons have?

Answer 7

corrosive

Question 8

What term describes the local effect basic poisons have?

Answer 8

caustic

Question 9

What type of syndrome would you suspect in a patient with dry skin, increased heart rate, dilated pupils, fever, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, and CNS excitation?

Answer 9

Anticholinergic

Question 10

What type of syndrome would you suspect in a patient with increased salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI cramping, emesis, and muscle weakness and fasciculations?

Answer 10

Cholinergic

Question 11

how many glasses of milk or water should you have a conscious victim drink to dilute ingested poison?

Answer 11

1-2

Question 12

What are some common acids that may cause poisoning?

Answer 12

hydrochloric
nitric
oxalic
sufuric

Question 13

What are some common alkalies that may cause poisoning?

Answer 13

Ammonia
Lime
Lye
Carbolic

Question 14

What are some common phenols that may cause poisoning?

Answer 14

Creosol

Creosote

Question 15

What is the most common agent of gas poisoning?

Answer 15

carbon monoxide

Question 16

What treatment is preferred for ingested poisons when the patient is poisoned by strychnine or is subject to seizures?

Answer 16

Gastric lavage

Question 17

What are some cathartics commonly used to treat ingested poisonings?

Answer 17

magnesium sulfate

sorbitol

Question 18

How would you treat a patient who ingested a petroleum distillate if you could not reach poison control or physician for guidance?

Answer 18

30-60 ml of vegetable oil

Question 19

What is the abbreviation MFF?

Answer 19

Metal fume fever

Question 20

What is the most common cause of metal fume fever in the Navy?

Answer 20

inhalation of vaporized zinc found in the galvanized covering of iron and steel

Question 21

What is the dose for epinephrine for severe allergic reactions?

Answer 21

1: 1000
0. 5ml for adults
0. 1-.03 ml for children

Question 22

Which scorpion in the United States causes the most severe effects?

Answer 22

Bark Scorpion

Question 23

What species is the Bark Scorpion?

Answer 23

Centruroides exilicuada

Question 24

Where is the Bark Scorpion found?

Answer 24

Mexico and Southwest region

Question 25

What can be given the relieve muscle cramps when a patient has sustained a scorpion sting?

Answer 25

Calcium gluconate 10ml of 10% solution

Question 26

What can be given to control excitability and convulsions in a patient who has sustained a scorpion sting?

Answer 26

Benozdiazepines (Valium and Midazolam)

Question 27

What is the species name for the black widow?

Answer 27

Latrodectus mactans

Question 28

What is the species name for brown recluse?

Answer 28

Loxoseceles recluse

Question 29

In what spider can you find a red hourglass shaped spot on its belly?

Answer 29

female black widow

Question 30

In what spider can you find a violin-shaped marking?

Answer 30

brown recluse

Question 31

What are the five venomous families of snakes?

Answer 31

``` Viperidae Elapidae Hydrophidae Colubridae Atractaspididae ```

Question 32

Stings from which fish have been known to cause fatalities?

Answer 32

Stonefish Zebrafish Scorpionfish

Question 33

What are the most dangerous types of coelenterates?

Answer 33

Sea wasp or box jellyfish and Portuguese man-of-war

Question 34

What should be used to prevent further discharge of nematocyst stinging?

Answer 34

vinegar (dilute acetic acid)

Question 35

Which octopus releases neuromuscular block called tetrodotoxin?

Answer 35

the blue ringed octopus