HOA quizzes Flashcards
1
Q
Architect of the two wing expansion of the Louvre Palace, who had taken over and developed the designs of the previous architect who died
A
Hector Lefuel
2
Q
Architect of the Royal Courts of Justice who died before its completion
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George Edmund Street
3
Q
Architect of the Paris Opera House
A
Charles Garnier
4
Q
Architect of the Reform Club in Pall Mall, London
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Charles Barry
5
Q
Architect of the St. Pancras Hotel and Station Block
A
George Gilbert Scott
6
Q
Design that combines features from different sources in an endeavor to achieve original effects
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Modernismo
7
Q
Prevalent in the 19th century during the reign of Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom. It embraced eclecticism in a series of revivalist styles. It is characterized by being modestly ornate with colorful brickworks, towers, turrets, steep gables, and pitched roofs
A
Victorian architecture
8
Q
An era in Central Europe during which the middle classes grew in number and the arts began to appeal to their sensibilities. After the defeat of Napolean, the growing urbanization and industrialization leading to a new urban middle class created a new kind of audience for the arts. It has an emphasis on home life for the growing middle class.
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Biedermeier Design
9
Q
Refers to the architectural practice of drawing inspiration from historical architectural styles. This is still prevalent but is more eclectic and experiemental, with some architects creating their own interpretations of historical styles.
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Historicism
10
Q
Rationalist ideas about aesthetics were being challenged by looking at the experiences of beauty and sublimity as non-rational.
A
Picturesque movement
11
Q
Characterized by oak frames, clapboard siding, central chimneys with multiple flues so that fire could be lit in multiple rooms on each floor
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New England colonial architecture
12
Q
Characterized by centrally located front door, evenly spaced double-hung windows and simple side-gabled roof
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New England colonial architecture
13
Q
Characterized by gambrel roof based on prototypes in Flanders and Holland
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Dutch colonial architecture
14
Q
Characterized by round logs with protruding ends, from which derived the American log cabin design
A
Swedish colonial architecture
15
Q
A cruciform Gothic church enriched with tracery and pinnacles. It has a Germanic openwork spire that is 147m high. Its clearly visible tower served as a goal and orientation marker for pilots. In 1943 WW2 air raids, the church was heavily damaged yet the tower did not collapse.
A
St. Nikolai Kirche Church
16
Q
A prodigious building Victorian country house designed for Gregory Gregory, a local squire and businessman. It has boldly modelled façade and ebullient skyline of cupolas, gables and chimney stacks. The exterior is as extraordinary as the Elizabethan houses. The interiors and some of the outbuildings were completed in a spectacular Baroque style.
A
Harlaxton hall
17
Q
Planned on a difficult triangular site, and resolves the awkward central angles by skillful devices of projecting bays and blocks. The council chamber and main reception rooms occupy the front of the building, offices and committee rooms taking up the other two sides; all are reached from ring corridor.
A
Town hall in manchester
18
Q
One of the last important buildings to be erected in the High Victorian Gothic Style. The courts are arranged about a huge, vaulted Gothic concourse. The design is highly personal to the architect, who executed 3000 drawings by his own hand, in the face of official parsimony, only to die before it was completed.
A
Royal courts of justice
19
Q
Noteworthy example of the application of Beaux-Arts principles. Characterized by opulent grandeur. Its interior has an enormous foyer, enriched with gilded sculptures and Baroque elements, with a vaulted painted ceiling from which hang a candelabra. The foyer leads to the magnificent grand staircase, beyond which lie the auditorium and extensive stage area.
A
Palais Garnier
20
Q
Began in Britain in the 18th century with new machines and innovative processes that helped change nations from agricultural to industrial ones. It spread to continental Europe and to North America, with factories sprouting all over where coal was available to fuel the engines. Home-based cottage industries became obsolete.
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Industrial revolution
21
Q
Biggest impact in architecture is mass-production of iron and later steel. It became an economically plausible building material & tool. Application of iron, and particularly steel, to architecture greatly expanded the structural capabilities of existing materials and created new ones.
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Industrial revolution
22
Q
Sprouted new building types such as the industrial buildings, warehouses, railways and transport stations, and bridges
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Industrial revolution
23
Q
Characterized by diverse use of historic styles in the 19th century. There is a broad range of styles from before this period architects would choose from. There is also no consensus as to the most desirable style for architects to follow
A
19th Century European Architecture
24
Q
A movement that had a stimulated interest in a great variety of architecture. It tackles how aesthetic experience was not just a rational decision, rather it came naturally as a matter of basic human instinct. Rationalist ideas about aesthetics were being challenged by looking at the experiences of beauty and sublimity as non-rational
A
Picturesque movement
25
Formerly “The Midland Grand Hotel” an outstanding example of secular Gothic style, blending Italian, French, and Flemish elements in a high Victorian way. It was a showpiece for the Midland Railway Company, providing extensive hotel accommodation as well as the usual booking hall and offices, to be constructed next to their railway station
St. Pancras Hotel and Station Block
26
Also known as “Vittoriano” or “Altare della Patria” built on the slopes of the Capitol to commemorate the nation’s first king and a unified Italy. It consists of an enormous terraced platform on which stands an equestrian statue of the king, backed by an even larger, slightly concave Corinthian colonnade. It houses also the Museum of the Risorgimento.
Victor Emmanuel II Monument
27
A church built as a thank-offering following the failed assassination of the Emperor. In Gothic style, heralded by tall, slender western towers with open belfries and crocketed steeples.
Votivkirche
28
An art gallery that has an unusual trapezoidal plan with exhibition rooms that are arranged around a semicircular courtyard. Designed for the International Exhibition of 1900 with domed pavilions in Neo-Baroque character. Its more restrained Ionic colonnades introduce a Beaux-Arts discipline. It now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts.
Petit Palais
29
One of the landmarks of Paris that stands with its cluster of white domes on top of Butte Montmartre, a large hill in Paris. It has interior mosaics, stained-glass windows & crypt. Its design reflects Byzantine influence by way of the medieval cathedral of St. Front, Periguex.
Basilica of Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre
30
This 10-story building is often recognized as the world's first skyscraper utilizing a metal frame that allowed it to reach a height of 42 meters
Home Insurance Building in Chicago
31
First skyscraper to have large plate glass windows making up the majority of its surface area, foreshadowing a design feature that would become dominant in 20th century skyscrapers. This building was designed by Charles B Atwood with characteristic projecting bay windows and terra-cotta cladding
Reliance building
32
A 10-story 41-meter terra-cotta office building in Missouri credited for being the first successful utilization of the steel frame construction. It has terra-cotta panels of ornate foliage reliefs that decorate each floor.
Wainwright Building
33
Formerly called the Prudential Building, this early skyscraper precedes the Wainright Building as they share many design traits
Guaranty building
34
Also known as the Chicago Savings Bank Building, this building contains the cornerstone of Chicago as it is the 0-0 degree point of the city. It is distinctively in Chicago School style with its characteristic windows, metal frame construction and terra-cotta cladding
Chicago building
35
It was designed by Raymond Hood and André Fouilhoux in the Neo-Gothic and Art Deco styles. This landmark skyscraper features black bricks to symbolize coal, and gold bricks to symbolizeg fire. Hood, inspired from visiting Brussels, incorporated golden colors to make the building stand out.
American Radiator building
36
A cinema-related structure by architect Charles Lee. One of the building's occupant was film censor Will Hayes, which ironically the building was covered in nude relief figures such as the stone reliefs of full-frontal nude figures holding a film camera, and film crew directing nude figures
Hollywood Western Building
37
Designed by architects Cassiano Branco and Carlo Florencio Dias, the building’s stone frieze facade is ornamented with a series of tableaus depicting actors performing before a film crew and camera.
Eden Theatro
38
Designed by architects Sir Owen Williams with firm Ellis and Clarke, the building’s main lobby’s east and west walls sport two gilded murals, “Great Britain” and “The Empire,” by sculptor Eric Aumonier. It has a black vitrolite glass façade and serves as the home of Lord Beaverbrook’s’ newspaper headquarters.
Daily Express Building
39
Located in Los Angeles notable for its 73-meter tower whose top is sheathed in copper. It employs early considerations of mall design with traditional display windows facing sidewalks, the most appealing entrance placement towards where most of the costumers arrive from, and the city's first department store porte cochere with valets welcoming the patrons.
Bullocks Wilshire
40
Art Nouveau movement in Austria
Sezessione
41
Art Nouveau movement in Spain
Le Moderne Style
42
Art Nouveau movement in France
Modernismo
43
Art Nouveau movement in Germany
Jugendstil
44
Art Nouveau movement in Italy
Stile Floralw
45
Designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh as his most famous work. The main building has a long ashlar façade dominated by huge, north-facing studio windows with variations of rhythm around a more obviously asymmetrical entrance bay. This strays away from classical definitions of beauty and embodies direct expression of function.
School of Art, Glasgow
46
Art nouveau shows synthesis of ornament and structure as evident with the use of iron in this townhouse in Brussels. The tensile qualities of iron are extensively exploited for both structure and décor as free-flowing tenril-like forms. These forms are echoed in the mosaic floor and painted wall surfaces of this townhouse.
Hotel Tassel
47
This infill apartment building in Vienna has an entire façade built of small ceramic tiles that flow into floral shapes as they extend higher up the walls. It emanates the most classic details of Art Nouveau style with its vibrant floral motifs.
Majolikahaus
48
An exhibition hall for artists and designers of the Art Nouveau movement in Austria designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich. This white cubic building is topped with a distinctive dome of 2,500 gilt wrought-iron laurel leaves.
Secession Building
49
Designed by Antoni Gaudi as a work of generations, since it is still largely unfinished. Gaudi's primary goal for its façade is to highlight the three phases in Jesus' life.
La Sagrada Familia
50
A church built in Arts and Crafts Gothic Revival Architecture with an elaborate west front of red brick with stone dressings. It is decorated with furnishings and fittings by notable members of the Arts and Crafts Movement, including stained glass by Burne-Jones and metal work by Sedding’s assistant, Henry Wilson
Holy Trinity Church
51
A church built in Byzantine Revivalist Architecture. In the interior, grey brown brickwork, once impressive in its plainness, is being progressively sheathed with marble and mosaic, as the original architect had intended. Its exterior features red brickwork with stone bands, and a number of cupola-topped turrets, which echo the tall campanile.
Westminister Cathedral
52
Designed in the South German Rococo style with finely executed Rococo interiors. It is the smallest of the three palaces built by King Ludwig II of Bavaria and the only one which was actually completed. It is sited with delightful formal gardens.
Schloss Linderhof
53
Designed by Jacques Ignace Hittorf which replaced a small station. The gable of the broad façade follows the line of the train shed's pitched iron-and-glass roof. The outer pavilions distinguish the arrival and departure of sides of the station. Its architectural detail is of Neo-Classical character but with some disparities in scale. The façade is crowned by the figure of Paris and eight others representing northern European cities.
Gare du Nord
54
Designed by Paul Wallot built on a scale suitable for its role as a symbol of the second Reich. Its Baroque Classicism, handled with assurance, is a little ponderous in some of the details. The building was gutted by fire in 1933, further damaged in 1945, and restored in the 1960s without the huge glazed dome which had been the climax of its silhouette.
Reichstag Building
55
A complex of skyscrapers and theaters in New York in the 1930s and was designed by a talented committee of architects and planners. It superbly demonstrates how tall buildings can be seamlessly integrated into the horizontal tangle of the city below. By early 1930, the architects had established the basic setup of the skyscraper: a tall building anchoring the middle of the development, fronted by a plaza, and flanked by shorter buildings around the periphery of the site
Rockefeller Center
56
An office building in New York City often cited as the epitome of the Art Deco skyscraper with its sunburst- patterned stainless-steel spire that remains one of the most striking features of the Manhattan skyline.
Chrysler Building
57
This building’s decorative neo-Gothic program adds to its sense of monumentality. On the exterior, ornate sculptural arches, finials, and gargoyles over-scaled enough to be read from street level, refer directly to European medieval architecture and draw the eye towards the heavens in the same manner as a High Gothic cathedral.
Woolworth Building
58
Often called the "Jewel of Downtown," it was built at a time when L.A. enforced a height limit of 45 meters, but they made an exception for the glamorous clock tower. It is designed by Claud Beelman.
Eastern Columbia Building
59
A 102-storey high steel-framed skyscraper that is considered as one of the most distinctive and famous buildings in the United States. It was built in 1931 at 381 meters high courtesy of its iconic spire, originally as a mooring station for airships. It is currently 443 meters high courtesy of the replaced antenna in 1985.
Empire State Building
60
Architect of the Seagram Building together with Philip Johnson who designed most of the interior spaces
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
61
Architect of the Palace of the Assembly in Chandigarh, India
Le Corbusier
62
Architect of the Couvent Sainte-Marie de la Tourette built in steeply sloping site near Lyon, France
Le Corbusier
63
Architect of the Harvard Graduate Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts known for its clean lines and minimalistic design
Walter Gropius
64
Architect of the Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut
Philip Johnson
65
One of the best-known examples of expressionist architecture. Designed as an amorphic structure of reinforced concrete, the tower represents as well as facilitates the study of Einstein’s radical theory of relativity – a groundbreaking theorem of motion, light, and space.
Einstein Tower
66
A ten-story office building in Hamburg, Germany designed for the shipping magnate Henry B. Sloman, who made his fortune trading saltpeter from Chile.
Chilehaus
67
It is an exceptional example of the 1920s Brick Expressionism style of architecture. This large angular building famed for its tip reminiscent of a ship's prow and its facade which meet at a very sharp angle at a street corner
Chilehaus
68
A 1000-seat auditorium designed by Rudolf Steiner built entirely of cast concrete. It is one of the first examples of usage of concrete in architecture and the first building to employ large-scale reinforced concrete construction to sculptural forms.
Goetheanum II Building
69
A historic building designed by Max Berg with a cupola made of reinforced concrete and a 23-meter high dome made of steel and glass. It has a quatrefoil shape with large circular central space that seats 7000 people. It is a key reference for the development of reinforced concrete structures in the 20th century
Centennial Hall
70
A factory located in the Moabit district of Berlin, created to house the production of steam turbines. Its establishment was linked to the rise of modernism. It has a steel-frame rectangular structure with a main assembly hall that had to accommodate two large cranes.
AEG Turbine Factory
71
This pioneering steel-and-glass house was built for an Illinois doctor as a weekend retreat set on the floodplain of the Fox River. The house invites nature in through continuous glass walls and is anchored delicately to the forest floor, epitomizing the International Style and its designer's dictum.
Farnsworth House
72
A one-story house with an open floor plan enclosed in floor-to-ceiling sheets of glass. Its clear glass panels create a series of lively reflections, and completely exposing the interiors to the outdoors except for the cylinder brick structure with the entrance to the bathroom on one side and a fireplace on the other side.
Glass house
73
One of the first glass International style office buildings in the United States. Located in midtown Manhattan, its horizontal base is lifted off of the ground plane by pilots except for a small enclosed portion, providing a public plaza underneath. Its most important elements is its curtain wall which is made of blue-green heat-resistant glass and stainless steel.
Lever House
74
This two 36-storey trapezoidal high-rise towers made up of dark bronze glass and aluminum won the 2014 Digie Award for the "Most Intelligent Office Building"
Pennzoil Place
75
A Swiss architect who believed in the dictum "the house is a machine to live in" - the program for building a house should be set out with the same precision as that for building a machine.
Le Corbusier
76
Architect commissioned by the French state as a response to the housing shortages after the World War II ended. Instead of designing horizontally spreading out over a landscape, he designed a high-rise residential building.
Le Corbusier
77
Architect of the Lever House
Gordon Bunshaft
78
Architect of the Finlandia Hall
Alvar Aalto
79
Architect of the Säynätsalo Town Hall
Alvar Aalto
80
Emerged in Northern Europe in the early 20th century in poetry and painting, where it attempted to distort reality to express subjective, emotional experience. It quickly spread through all the arts and architecture, pioneered by a group of architects from Germany, Austria, and Denmark. Architects used materials such as brick, concrete, and glass to create novel sculptural forms and massing, sometimes distorted and fragmented to express an emotional perspective.
Expressionist Architecture
81
An architectural style dominant in Western architecture characterized by rectilinear forms, light plane surfaces completely stipped of ornamentation and decoration, open interior spaces and visually weightless quality.
International Style
82
Individualist and informal approach to architecture, resulting in unusual building forms and making it difficult to define as a precise style
Expressionist Architecture
83
Rejection of historical styles, symmetrical forms and traditional designs, and instead embraced abstraction based on structures not found or seen in the real world
Expressionist Architecture
84
An architecture style the grew out of the phenomenon of architects' increasing dissatisfaction with the continued use in stylistically eclectic buildings of a mix of decorative elements from different architectural periods and styles that bore little or no relation to the building’s functions
International Style
85
This art museum in Berlin built in 1968 was the first building completed as a part of Berlin’s Kulturforum, a cluster of buildings dedicated to culture and the fine arts. It is known popularly as the “temple of light and glass" with exhibition spaces for the 20th-century’s major art movements.
Neue Nationalgalerie
86
A tall 38-story office building located in the heart of New York City that set the standard for modern skyscrapers with its characteristic bronze and dark glass. Its architect provided a 100-feet setback from the street edge which created a highly active open plaza that attracts users with its two large fountains surrounded by generous outdoor seating.
Seagram Building
87
Considered an icon of modernist architect as it sums up the Five Points of Architecture. It is a sleek white box with horizontal windows running around nearly the total length of its exterior walls.
Villa Savoye
88
Vertical mixed-use community based on its designer's idea of the “vertical garden city”, resulting to a neighborhood within mixed use, modernist, residential high-rise building. It is one of the most innovative architectural responses to a residential building typology. It has since been the example for public housing across the world.
Unite d' Habitacion
89
Considered a one of the more extreme designs of Le Corbusier, unable to be categorized in any architectural style, and considered to be a sculptural object. Upon commissioning, the church reformists wanted to clear their name of the decadence and ornamental past by embracing modern art and architecture.
Notre Dame du Haut
90
This architect believed that a building must make an expressive statement, evident in his dictum "function influences but does not dictate form" and that established completely new horizons for architecture.
Eero Saarinen
91
Architect of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chapel
Eero Saarinen
92
Architect of the Kimball Art Museum
Louis Kahn
93
Architect of the Miho Museum in Shigaraki Japan
I.M. Pei
94
Architect of the World Trade Center, a complex of several buildings built on a 6.5-hectare site in New York City
Minoru Yamasaki
95
Architect of the TWA Terminal who sought to capture the sensation of flight in all aspects of the building, from a fluid and open interior to the wing-like concrete shell of the roof.
Eero Saarinen
96
Architect of the National Assembly Building of Bangladesh
Louis Kahn
97
Architect of the Dallas City Hall
I.M. Pei
98
Architect of the Suzhou Museum in China for the appreciation for Chinese heritage
I.M. Pei
99
Civil engineer known for his innovations in high-rise building construction. He is regarded as the "father of tubular designs" for high-rise buildings. He is famous for the John Hancock Center and Sears (now Willis) Tower
Falzur Rahman Khan
100
Architect of the Exeter Library
Louis Kahn
101
Architect of the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong
I.M. Pei
102
Architect of the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar
I.M. Pei
103
Architect of the Sydney Opera House in Australia
Jorn Utzon
104
Architect noted for his works on Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, known for its distinctive modernist architecture. He lives by the dictum "when a form creates beauty, it becomes functional, and therefore fundamental in architecture."
Oscar Niemeyer
105
Architect of the Renault Distribution Center distinguished by its striking profile with 59 bright-yellow masts and arched steel beams that support the roof
Norman Foster
106
Architect of the Dolphin and Swan Hotels in Walt Disney Resort in Florida
Michael Graves
107
Architect who seeks to distance from being associated with Deconstructivism but his Santa Monica residence which he designed is regarded as the prototypical deconstructivist building
Frank Gehry
108
Architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao
Frank Gehry
109
Architect of the Jewish Museum after winning the competition organized by the Berlin government for the museum's expansion to bring a Jewish presence back to Berlin after WWII. The winning design was the only project that implemented design as a conceptually expressive tool to represent the Jewish lifestyle before, during, and after the Holocaust.
Daniel Libeskind
110
Architect of the Centre Georges Pompidou in collaboration with Renzo Piano
Richard Rogers
111
Architect of the HSBC Building in Hong Kong, the building that established this architect with global fame
Norman Foster
112
architect and engineer who developed the geodesic dome
Buckminister Fuller
113
Architect who proposed alternatives to the functionalist mainstream, coining the dictum "less is a bore."
Robert Venturi
114
Architect of the Portland Building
Michael Graves
115
The style resultant of World War II and its aftermath. The wartime industrial demands resulted in shortages of steel and other building materials, leading to the adoption of new materials, such as aluminum. This period greatly expanded the use of prefabricated building, largely for the military and government.
Post War Modernism
116
The architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s and is seen as a characterization of the transition from modernism architecture to post-modernism architecture. The architectural design was driven by the concept of showing how technology can improve the world by placing technical features of a building on a building’s exterior. It allowed spacious interiors due to placement of these structural and utility elements at the exterior.
High Tech Architecture
117
A style which emerged as a departure from modernism as a reaction against its austerity, formality, and lack of variety, particularly in the international style. It defends an architecture full of signs and symbols that can communicate cultural values.
Postmodernism
118
A style characterized by the idea of fragmentation and the manipulation of a structure's surface. Buildings in this style are often formed of components that have been disassembled and reassembled in a new or unorthodox way, giving the impression of a chaotic design devoid of precise logic
Deconstructivism
119
American style exemplified by the low-lying houses, generally two-story structures with single-story wings. The house design utilized horizontal lines, ribbon windows, gently sloping roofs, suppressed, heavy-set chimneys, overhangs, and sequestered garden.
Prairie School
120
Architect of the He Art Museum in Guangdong, China
Tadao Ando
121
Architect of the St. Mary's Cathedral in Tokyo, Japan
Kenzo Tange
122
Architect of the Tama Art University Library in Tokyo, Japan
Toyo Ito
123
Architect of the Unity Temple which the architect considers as his contribution to modern architect as it "makes an entirely new architecture and is the first expression of it".
Frank Lloyd Wright
124
"A house has to have a name."
Frank Lloyd Wright
125
Architect of the De Rotterdam, the largest building in the Netherlands
Rem Koolhaas
126
Architect of the Turning Torso in Malmo, Sweden
Santiago Calatrava
127
The first woman to be awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize
Zaha Hadid
128
Architect whose buildings have twisting dynamics, curved curves, and sensual layering, making her known as the "Queen of Curves"
Zaha Hadid
129
Architect known all over the world for the pioneering use of humble and sustainable materials such as cardboard, bamboo, and recycled paper
Shigeru Ban
130
An arts complex in the Expressionist architectural style with a shape that evokes a crashing wave. It is considered one of the most emblematic buildings of Spanish architects even though it received criticisms due to its location, structural problems, budget increases and alleged breach of safety rules
Auditorio de Tenerife
131
An arts and science complex in Valencia, Spain that features a science museum, opera house, planetarium, and aquarium. It is one of the 12 Treasures of Spain
City of Arts and Sciences
132
One of the most prestigious performing arts venues in China which contains two main auditoriums characterized by dramatic, flowing forms that resembles a twin pair of pebbles
Guangzhou Opera House
133
The last major project designed and built by its architect before his death. It is also one of his most popular projects. Completely contrasting the strict Manhattan city grid, the organic curves of the museum are a familiar landmark. Inside the architect proposed "one great space on a continuous floor".
Guggenheim Museum in New York
134
Originally built for the 2012 Summer Olympics characterized by its wave-like roof and striking façade of blue and white tiles. Now, it is used as a public swimming pool and event space with its two main pools, the competition pool and the diving pool
London Aquatics Center
135
Architect of the Prada Flagship Store in Tokyo, Japan
Herzog & de Meuron
136
Architect of the Allianz Arene in Munich, Germany
Herzog & de Meuron
137
Architect of the Seattle Central Library in Washington
Rem Koolhaas
138
Architect of the Millenium Dome, the largest dome in the world located in Greenwhich, United Kingdom
Richard Rogers
139
Architect whose characteristic style emphasizes the use of white to convey purity and simplicity
Santiago Calatrava
140
Built for the 1964 Summer Olympic Games housing swimming pools and diving areas. Its dynamically suspended roof and rough materials form one of the most iconic building profiles globally. It is inspired by Frei Otto's Arena for the Olympic Stadium in Munich.
Yoyogi National Stadium
141
An expression of Japan's desire for genuine and lasting peace, the site of this structure was where the bomb has directly hit so its primary museum in the park is dedicated to educate the visitors about the bomb. The Plaza can congregate up to 50,000 people around the monument
Hiroshima Peace Memorial
142
This concrete church replaced an old wooden cathedral that burnt during wartime. Its simple concept and complex shape recalls the lightness of a bird and its wings. Its walls are curved hyperbolically to express the tension to the sky, and turning the rhomboidal ground floor into a cross at the roof top.
St. Mary's Cathedral in Tokyo
143
It hosted the main events for the 2009 World Games. The stadium is an open circle with a question mark that is often compared with the symbol of a dragon wagging his tail. The solar panels gave the roof a scaly appearance similar to a metallic snakeskin, prompting locals to nickname it the "glass snake" and the "dragon's tail".
National Museum in Kaohsiung
144
America’s most famous house which is above a mountain cataract on a rocky hillside deep in the forest of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Its architect rejected a site that presented a conventional view of the waterfall and instead, audaciously offered to make the house part of it.
Kaufman House
145
Architect of the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Santiago Calatrava
146
Architect of the Vitra Fire Station in Germany as this architect's first built project
Zaha Hadid
147
Architect of the Centre Pompidou Metz in collaboration with French architect Jean de Gastines
Shigeru Ban
148
A professional boxer turned self-taught architect, with no formal education whatsoever. He studied Japanese architect in Kyoto and Nara regions, and Western architecture through his travels to the United States, Europe and Africa
Tadao Ando
149
Architect in charge of reconstructing Hiroshima after World War II. The Hiroshima Peace Center and Park designed by this architect made the city symbolic of the human longing for peace
Kenzo Tange
150
Architect of the Cardboard Cathedral in Christchurch, New Zealand
Shigeru Ban
151
Architect of the Church of Light in Osaka, Japan
Tadao Ando
152
Architect of the Yoyogi National Stadium in Tokyo, Japan
Kenzo Tange
153
Architect of the National Museum in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Toyo Ito
154
Architect of the International Baroque Museum in Puebla, Mexico
Toyo Ito
155
Architect of the Centre Georges Pompidou in collaboration with Renzo Piano
Richard Rogers
