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Geography Flash Cards Deck > Holderness coast. > Flashcards

Holderness coast. Flashcards

1
Q

How much does a sea wall cost?

A

£10 million per km

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2
Q

Where were sea walls built?

A

Mappleton and Bridlington

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3
Q

What’s good about sea walls?

A

Stops erosion and flooding
Creates easy access to the beach
Long term

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4
Q

What’s bad about sea walls?

A

Very expensive

High maintenance costs

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5
Q

What is marsh creation a form of?

A

Managed retreat

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6
Q

How much does marsh creation cost?

A

£5-£10 thousand per hectare

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7
Q

What’s good about marsh creation?

A

Creates habitats

Blends in with the surrounding environment

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8
Q

What’s bad about marsh creation?

A

Does not stop erosion, only slows it

Takes up a lot of land

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9
Q

How much does rock armour cost?

A

£1000-£4000 per metre

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10
Q

Where was rock armour used on the Holderness Coast?

A

Mappleton
Bridlington
Hornsea

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11
Q

What’s good about rock armour?

A

Used for fishing and a sitting place
Stops erosion because the energy has been removed from the waves due to the huge rocks and gaps in between them
Long term

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12
Q

What’s bad about rock armour?

A

Doesn’t fit in with the area
High transportation costs from Scandinavia
Rocks can be moved in a storm

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13
Q

What’s good about beach nourishment?

A

Blends in with the beach

Increases tourist potential

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14
Q

Where was beach nourishment used on the Holderness Coast?

A

Hornsea

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15
Q

What’s bad about beach nourishment?

A

Sand is eroded away easily
Short term solution
Has to be topped up often

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16
Q

Where is the Holderness Coastline situated?

A

North East coast of England in Yorkshire

17
Q

What is significant about the Holderness Coastline?

A

Fastest eroding coastline in Europe

18
Q

What is the average amount of erosion per year?
How many tonnes?
How many metres?

A

2 million tonnes

2 metres

19
Q

What is the coastline made of?

A

Glacial till, soft boulder clay that is easily eroded

20
Q

What is the problem with boulder clay?

A

Glacial till (boulder clay) is very soft and easily eroded, a fine sediment that is easily transported by longshore drift so there is little beach-lack of protection from high energy waves

21
Q

What is the problem with narrow beaches?

2 reasons

A

Barely any beach to slow down the wave through friction
Narrow beaches means destructive waves reach the cliff at high tide and created wave cut notches which leads to the collapse of the cliff

22
Q

What is the problem with a long fetch?

A

The waves have travelled hundreds of miles, gaining energy from the long journey resulting in high energy waves hitting the Holderness Coast, eroding the clay rapidly

23
Q

What is the problem with prevailing waves?

A

Waves are then directed straight at the cliffs which means a high amount of energy will hit the coast and erode the cliff rapidly

24
Q

What is the problem with building on top of the cliffs?

A

More pressure is acting down upon the cliff. If the clay becomes saturated then the cliff will collapse doe to the extra weight of the buildings

25
Q

Why might cliff collapse impact people and the environment?

7 reasons

A

Eyesore
Loss of infrastructure will result in limited access to areas
Loss of homes will mean psychological impacts
Loss of farmland will mean loss of wages for farmers
Loss of habitat for animals, less biodiversity
Decline in property value with will mean loss of money
Decline in tourism which means loss of money

26
Q

What management plans were put in place at Bridlington and Hilderthorpe?
How long for?
What other area was this management plan used?

A

Hold the line (keep coast where it is)
Till 2105
Dimlington-Easington Gas Terminals

27
Q

What management plans were put in place at Kilnsea and Spurn Point?

A

Managed retreat, allow the natural process to occur

28
Q

What area was left to its own devices?

Why?

A

Hollym-Dimington Cliffs

Just agricultural land and hamlets, low economic impact

29
Q

What was built at Bridlington?

A

Sea wall
Rock armour
Wooden groynes

30
Q

How much did the new sea wall at Bridlington cost?

A

£1.4 million

31
Q

What was built at Hornsea?

A

Sea wall
Rock armour
Wooden groynes

32
Q

What soft engineering was done at Hornsea?

A

Beach nourishment

33
Q

What was built at Mappleton?

A

Groynes

Rock armour at base of cliff

34
Q

How much was spent on Mappleton?

A

£2 million

35
Q

What road runs through Mappleton?

A

B1242

36
Q

How many caravans were lost at Hornsea in 2013?

A

3

Geography Flash Cards Deck (14 decks)

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