Homeostasis

Question 1

Reflex actions

Answer 1

Automatic and rapid, don’t involve the conscious parts of the brain
Involve sensory, relay and motor neurone

Question 2

Reflex actions controls…

Answer 2

Everyday bodily functions ( breathing, digestion, helps you avoid danger)

Question 3

Homeostasis is the

Answer 3

Regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external conditions

Question 4

Why is homeostasis important?

Answer 4

Maintain optimum conditions for enzyme actions and all cell functions

Question 5

In the human body homeostasis controls

Answer 5

blood glucose, concentration, temperature and water levels.

Question 6

Reflex arc

Answer 6

Stimulus-> receptors -> sensory neurone-> relay neurone -> motor neurone -> effector-> response

Question 7

Receptors

Answer 7

Detect stimuli (changes in environment)

Question 8

Things the body controls during homeostasis

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide, urea, salt/sugar, water, oxygen, temp

Question 9

Internal conditions that need to be controlled

Answer 9

Body temp, water content of the body, blood glucose concentration.

Question 10

Receptors

Answer 10

Detects changes in the surrounding (internal and external environment)

Question 11

Stimuli

Answer 11

Changes in the environment

Question 12

Coordination centre

Answer 12

Controls/operates . Receives and process information from the receptors

Question 13

Effector

Answer 13

Muscles and glands. Changes the conditions

Question 14

Response

Answer 14

Acton taken by a processing centre as a reaction to a stimuli

Question 15

Internal condition of body temp

Answer 15

Stimulus (temp changes) -> receptor (skin’) -> coordination centre (brain) -> effector (skin, muscle)

Question 16

Internal condition of water content of body

Answer 16

Stimulus (changes in water content in blood) ->receptor (brain) -> coordination centre (pituiery gland) ->effector ( kidney)

Question 17

Internal condition of blood glucose

Answer 17

Stimulus (change in blood glucose) -> receptor (pancreas) -> coordination centre(pancreas) -> effector(liver )

Question 18

Nervous system consists of 2 parts which are…

Answer 18

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 19

Nervous system carries…

Answer 19

Electrical impulses that travels at a fast speed

Question 20

Nervous system enables us to….

Answer 20

Avoid danger
Find food
Find a mate

Question 21

Are nervous system sensitive to change?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Stimuli

Answer 22

Are detected by cells called receptors when there’s any change

Question 23

Receptors examples

Answer 23

Sound 
Balance 
Eyes (sensitive to light )
Touch(skin)
Nose and tongue (smell and taste)

Question 24

Types of receptor

Answer 24

Light receptor in eyes
Sound receptor in ears
Taste receptor in tongue 
Smell receptor in nose 
Touch, pressure, temp receptor in skin 
Change of position receptor in ears (balance)

Question 25

What do receptor detect?

Answer 25

Stimulus and sends an electric impulse along a sensory neurone

Question 26

What do sensory neurone carry?

Answer 26

Electrical impulse to the CNS

Question 27

What does the coordinator send?

Answer 27

Impulses down the motor neurone once all the incoming information is processed

Question 28

What does the motor neurone do?

Answer 28

Carries the electric impulse to the effector

Question 29

The effector

Answer 29

Brings about the responses needed

Question 30

Neurone

Answer 30

Cell that carries electric impulse around the body

Question 31

Nerve

Answer 31

Bundle of hundreds or even thousands of neurone

Question 32

Types of neurones

Answer 32

Sensory Motor Relay

Question 33

Cell body

Answer 33

Contain cell nucleus

Question 34

Dendrites

Answer 34

Detect changes in the environment (stimuli’ and starts the electrical signal in the cell

Question 35

Axon

Answer 35

long extensions of the cyptoplasm that carries the electrical impulses from the cell body the the other neurones

Question 36

Myelin

Answer 36

(Fatty sheath) covers the axon

Question 37

Effectors

Answer 37

Muscles and glands that responds to stimuli

Question 38

Synapses

Answer 38

Gap between the neurone (neurones never touch each other). A signal is sent from one neurone to the next by a chemical transmitter across the synapse

Question 39

Pituitary glands

Answer 39

Secretes several hormone into the blood in response to body conditions

Question 40

Endocrine system

Answer 40

Composed of glands which secretes chemical called hormones directly into the bloodstreams. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect

Question 41

Endocrine glands examples

Answer 41

``` Pituitary Thyroid Pancreas Adrenal Ovaries Testes ```

Question 42

Insulin

Answer 42

Hormon produced y the pancreas

Question 43

Glycogen

Answer 43

Animals store glucose as glycogen in their liver and muscle tissues increase

Question 44

Diabetes

Answer 44

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar

Question 45

Oviduct

Answer 45

Carries the the egg to the uterus

Question 46

Ovary

Answer 46

Where the eggs are made

Question 47

Uterus

Answer 47

Here the baby grows

Question 48

Cervix

Answer 48

The opening of the uterus

Question 49

Vagina

Answer 49

Receives the sperm

Question 50

Penis

Answer 50

Carries the sperm out of the body

Question 51

Scrotum

Answer 51

A bag of skin which holds the testes

Question 52

Testes

Answer 52

Where the sperm are made

Question 53

Sperm tube

Answer 53

Carries the sperm to the penis

Question 54

Prostate gland

Answer 54

Add fluids to the sperm to make p semen

Question 55

Role of endocrine system is

Answer 55

Human reproduction

Question 56

During puberty the reproductive hormones cause…

Answer 56

Secondary sexual characteristics

Question 57

In men what do testes produce?

Answer 57

hormone testosterone

Question 58

Testosterone stimulate the testes to produce?

Answer 58

Sperm

Question 59

In women the ovaries produce?

Answer 59

The hormone oestrogen

Question 60

Ovulation

Answer 60

Once puberty begins eggs in the ovaries start to mature and every 28 days and egg is released

Question 61

The release of an egg every 28 days is part of the

Answer 61

Menstrual cycle

Question 62

In preparation of ovulation the uterus…

Answer 62

Uterus lining becomes thick and spongy

Question 63

If sperm is present when the egg makes it down the uterus it can be…

Answer 63

Fertilised

Question 64

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 64

Causes an egg to mature in the ovary

Question 65

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 65

Causes this egg to be released in other words ovulation.

Question 66

Oestrogen

Answer 66

(produced by the ovary) and progesterone are involved in maintaining he uterus lining in case the egg is fertilised and implants

Question 67

In the first stage FSH is…

Answer 67

Released by the pituitary gland

Question 68

FSH travels in the blood to the ovaries where it causes…

Answer 68

An egg the mature

Question 69

At the same time FSH triggers…

Answer 69

The ovaries to make oestrogen

Question 70

Oestrogen causes…

Answer 70

The lining of the uterus to become thick

Question 71

Oestrogen also stops the….

Answer 71

Pituitary gland from releasing any more FSH

Question 72

Instead the pituitary gland releases

Answer 72

Luteinising hormone

Question 73

LH triggers…

Answer 73

Ovulation

Question 74

Once the ovary has released its egg the ovary…

Answer 74

Produces the hormone progesterone

Question 75

Progesterone has two effects which are...

Answer 75

Stops the pituitary gland from releasing FSH and LH so it prevents any mor eggs from maturing or being released Progesterone keeps the lining of the uterus thick in case a fertilised egg implants

Question 76

Fertility drug

Answer 76

FSH and LH are given to a women which causes the women to ovulate more than usual

Question 77

In-vitro fertilisation

Answer 77

Fertilising the eggs in the laboratory, fertilised eggs then develop into embryos and once they’re tiny balls of cells these are inserted into the mother

Question 78

Benefits of IVF

Answer 78

Women can get a chance of a baby

Question 79

Problems with IVF

Answer 79

``` Success rates not high Emotionally stressful for both parents Physically demanding on mother May lead to multiple births Many embryos may be destroyed (unethical) Expensive ```

Question 80

Negative feedback

Answer 80

Value will vary around a normal level within a limited range