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Ecology Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Animals compete for:

A

Food, territory, mates

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2
Q

Plants compete for:

A

Light, water nutrients (mineral ions,), space.

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3
Q

Why is maintaining biodiversity important for organisms

A

Ensure stability of ecosystem by reducing the dependence of one species on another for food, shelter and maintenance of the physical environment

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4
Q

Why is them human population increasing

A

Growth of more food
Being able to cure or prevent diseases
Humans have no natural problems

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5
Q

How are breeding programmes used to maintain biodiversity

A

Population sizes increase in captivity

Animals then reintroduced into the wild

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6
Q

Why are protecting wildlife parks used to maintain biodiversity

A

Humans are not able to destroy the habitat so wildlife can flourish

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7
Q

What problems is the higher standard of living causing to the environment

A

People using earths resources to generate electricity, fuel for transport
Mor people more resources being used: pollution (waste production by humans)

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8
Q

How is deforestation impacting on biodiversity

A

Large areas of these forests are destroyed to provide land for rice fields, grazing cattle or growing crops for biofuel.

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9
Q

How is global warming impacting on biodiversity

A

Loss of habitat when low lying area are flooded by sea levels

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10
Q

Adaptation

A

Having special features that enable an organism to survive in a particular habitat

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11
Q

Extremophiles

A

Organisms that survive and produce in extreme conditions

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12
Q

Structural adaptation

A

Shape or colour of the organisms or part of the organism

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13
Q

Behavioural adaptation

A

Migration to move to a better climate for the summer or winter, basking to absorb energy from the sun to warm up. Penguin huddle.

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14
Q

Insectivorous plants

A

Example: Venus fly trap

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15
Q

Biomass

A

Amount of biological material in an organism

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16
Q

Predator

A

Carnivores and is an organisms that hunt and eat herbivores and sometimes carnivores

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17
Q

Prey

A

Are usually carnivores, an organism that are hunted by predators

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18
Q

What do plants compete for ?

A

Light and space and water and mineral ions in the soil

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19
Q

What do animals compete for?

A

Food, water, mating partners and territory

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20
Q

Interdependence

A

Every animals depend on other living organisms for food

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21
Q

Plants can depend on animals?

A

Yes, such as bees for pollen and birds can disperse seeds in their faeces

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22
Q

If a species disappear from a community…

A

It can affect the whole community negatively

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23
Q

Stucutural adaptations

A

Adaptations of body shape or structure

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24
Q

Functional adaptations

A

Adaptations to the body function of an organism

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25
Behavioural adaptations
Adaptations to the animals lifestyle or behaviour
26
Extremophiles
Organism that adapted to live in very extreme conditions
27
Biotic
Living
28
Abiotic
Non living
29
Biotic factors
Availability of food New predator Competition New pathogens
30
If availability of food falls…
The number of organisms in that community will also fall
31
New predator can cause…
The population of a prey species to fall and increase competition
32
If a species is outcompeted….
Then it’s population can fail so much that numbers can no longer be sufficient to breed and the species,any become extinct
33
If infectious diseases emerges and spreads….
It can wipe out a population of species
34
Abiotic factors
``` Light intensity Temperature Water pH and mineral content Wind intensity and direction Co2 and oxygen ```
35
If light intensity is too low…
Then the rate of photosynthesis falls and plants will grow more slowly ( affects animals who feed on plants and can impact a whole community)
36
If temperature of an environment changes….
Then this could cause the distribution of species to change
37
Many plants cannot grow on soil if it’s…
Too acidic or too alkaline
38
Plants need certain minerals in the soil for example…
Nitrate = used to make amino acids for proteins
39
Co2 is needed for?
Photosynthesis
40
If co2 levels fall…
then rate of photosynthesis will also decrease
41
Oxygen is needed for?
Aerobic respiration
42
What does a food chain start with?
The producer
43
In the sea a producer would be a…
Algae or seaweed
44
Scientist call molecules such as glucose
Biomass
45
Producers are important because they’re the
Source of all biomass in the community
46
Organism that eat producers are called
Primary consumers
47
Primary consumers are eaten by
Secondary consumers
48
Tertiary consumers eats
Secondary consumers
49
Numbers of preys and predator in a cycle…
Falls and rises
50
Stable community is where
All biotic and abiotic factors are in balance
51
Random sampling
Used to compare the number of organisms in different areas
52
To complete random sampling what is needed?
Quadrat
53
Transect
A line such as a tape measure or rope
54
Carbon cycle starts with the
Carbon dioxide int he atmosphere
55
The only way the carbon can enter the carbon cycle in through
Photosynthesis
56
In photosynthesis (uses light energy carbon dioxide is combined with….
Water to make the sugar glucose
57
Carbon dioxide returns backs to the atmosphere by
Aerobic respiration
58
The carbon cycle inviolves two key processes
Photosynthesis and respiration
59
Plant and algae take in co2 from the atmosphere in,,,
Photosynthesis
60
Carbon is used to make
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins
61
Plants and algae…
Respire and some carbon is released back to the atmosphere as co2
62
Animals release wast products such as
Faeces
63
Decomposing microorganisms
Bactria and fungi
64
When decomposes carry out respiration…
Carbon in the waste and dead remains is returned to the atmosphere as co2
65
Decomposers also release
Mineral ions to the soil
66
Photosynthesis brings in
Co2 into the carbon cycle
67
Respiration in the carbon cycle,,,
Returns the oxygen cstbon back into the atmosphere
68
Energy from the sun causes water to…
Evaporate from the surface of the sea
69
Water vapour travels into the air and
cool down
70
After cooling down the water vapour
Condenses to form clouds
71
The water in the clouds then falls to the…
Ground as precipitation
72
Precipitation included
Rain and snow as well as hail and sleet
73
All forms of precipitation contains
Fresh water ( doesn’t contain salt)
74
Once the water hits the ground…
Some evaporates back to the atmosphere as water vapour, some passes through the rocks and forms aquifers, some forms rivers and streams
75
Transpiration
Plants take up waterin the roots, the water move up the plant in the xylem, passes out of the leaves through the stomata as water vapour
76
Biodiversity
Variety of all different species of organisms on earth
77
Species depend on each other for….
Food and shelter
78
Species also help to..
Maintain the environment
79
Decomposes break down…
Remains of dead organisms
80
Land is often used for
Rice fields or for grazing cattle and in many cases used to grow crops (which are used to make biofuels)
81
Water pollution
Some cases untreated sewage is accidentally released into rivers/streams Fertilises from farms can also pollute river/streams
82
Both fertilisers and untreated sewage causes
Dissolved oxygen levels to fall and can kill aquatic organism
83
Toxic chemicals from factories are released into rivers which can
Kill aquatic organisms
84
Burning coal from power stations can
Release acidic gases and cause acid rain
85
Air pollution can killl
Plants and animals and reduce biodiversity
86
Landfills destroy
Habitats for plants and animals
87
Toxic chemicals can
Leach out landfills and pollute the soil
88
Waste can lead to the
Pollution of air, water and land and can reduce biodiversity
89
What is reducing biodiversity
Human activity (partly due to land)
90
Humans use land for…
Buildings, factories, shops and airports | Farms and quarries and landfills
91
Peat bogs and peat lands
Contain large amounts of dead plants animals | Slow decay, large amounts of trapped carbon
92
Pear is being destroyed for
Cheap compost for gardens, farms, and some countries burnt to release energy to generate electricity
93
What happens to peat once it’s extracted and used for compost ?
Decays
94
Level of methane in the atmosphere increased or decreased?
Increase
95
Methane is produced by?
Bacteria in paddy fields, used f9 grow rice and by cows when they pass wind
96
What are examples of greenhouse gases? What do they do?
Co2 and methane | Trap heat into the atmosphere
97
Peer review
Check to see if they’re false claims by a number of scientists Make sure research published in scientific journals are valid
98
In the media (newspapers) are not subjected to peer review so…
Reporting on global warming may be /sometimes oversimplified, inaccurate or biased
99
Consequences of global warming for animal
Loss of habitats Insects or birds may extend their range to cooler conditions (increase in them in the UK+bring diseases (malaria)) Migration
100
Consequences of global warming for plants
Spring plants flowering earlier due to warmer conditions Able to grow crops in the uk in certain places where we can’t but in certain hot countries in the world it may be too hot to grow crops they need
101
How to reduce negative effects of humans on biodiversity ?
Breeding programmes for endangered species
102
Wetlands have a high level of….
biodiversity
103
The protection and regeneration of rare habitats is important for….
Preserving biodiversity
104
One area where biodiversity is low
Farms
105
Field margins
Farmers leaving a strip of land where wild plants and animals can live
106
Hedgerow
Lots of doffed fun species and plants love in hedgerow
107
What can help to preserve biodiversity
Field margins hedgerows

Biology (7 decks)

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