Homeostasis

Question 1

What makes up the central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain 🧠
Spinal cord 🦴

Question 2

Order of reactions

Answer 2

Stimulus
Receptor
Coordinator
Effector
Response

Question 3

Order of a reflex reaction

Answer 3

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Relay neuron
Motor neuron
Effector
Response

Question 4

What is reaction time

Answer 4

The time taken to react to a stimulus

Question 5

What can reaction time be affected by

Answer 5

Alcohol
Drugs
Fatigue
Distraction
Age
Sex
Stimulus type

Question 6

What do receptors detect

Answer 6

Changes in the environment (stimuli)

Question 7

Neurons transmit…from receptors to CNS

Answer 7

…electrical impulse…

Question 8

What does the CNS do

Answer 8

Coordinates a response

Question 9

What do effectors do

Answer 9

Bring about a response (muscles/glands)

Question 10

Reflex actions

Answer 10

A fast and automatic response. Often stop us from getting hurt
The relay neuron is either in the unconscious brain 🧠 or spinal cord 🦴

Question 11

What is a synapse

Answer 11

A gap between 2 neurons

Question 12

What happens when an electrical impulse gets to a synapse

Answer 12

Triggers the release of a chemical messenger which diffuses across the gap and binds to the neurons. This then triggers a new electrical impulse.

Question 13

What is homeostasis

Answer 13

The regulation of the conditions inside your body to maintain a stable internal environment, in response to changes in internal and external conditions.

Question 14

What conditions are regulated inside the body

Answer 14

Temperature
Blood sugar/glucose levels
Blood water content

Question 15

What is the endocrine system

Answer 15

A series of glands around the body

Question 16

What are glands

Answer 16

Specialised organs that produce hormones to react to a change in the body’s environment

Question 17

What are hormones

Answer 17

Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target organs

Question 18

What does the pituitary gland (master gland) do

Answer 18

Produces hormones that regulate body conditions and stimulates other glands to produce different hormones

Question 19

What does the thyroid gland do

Answer 19

Regulates basal metabolic rate and stimulates growth and development
Thyroxine

Question 20

What does the adrenal gland do

Answer 20

Prepares the body for “fight 🥊 or fight ✈️” responses by increasing delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and muscles
Adrenaline

Question 21

What does the pancreas gland do

Answer 21

Helps to lower/increase blood glucose levels
Insulin/glucagon

Question 22

What do the ovary glands do

Answer 22

Control the menstrual cycle
Oestrogen

Question 23

What do the testes glands do

Answer 23

Control puberty and sperm production
Testosterone

Question 24

How do you test for diabetes

Answer 24

Urine tested with Benedict’s regent
If inconclusive a blood test is more reliable since it’s accurate to the time and glucose concentration

Question 25

What causes type 1 diabetes

Answer 25

Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin

Question 26

What causes type 2 diabetes

Answer 26

Body cells no longer respond to insulin

Question 27

What age are you more likely to have type 1 diabetes

Answer 27

Early age

Question 28

What age are you more likely to get type 2 diabetes

Answer 28

Later in life

Question 29

Symptoms of diabetes

Answer 29

Weight loss Exhaustion Constant urination

Question 30

Treatments for type 1 diabetes

Answer 30

Insulin injections

Question 31

Treatments of type 2 diabetes

Answer 31

Carb controlled diet Exercise

Question 32

Risk factors for type 1 diabetes

Answer 32

Genetic

Question 33

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

Answer 33

Lifestyle

Question 34

High glucose levels

Answer 34

Receptors in the pancreas detect the high blood levels The pancreases secretes insulin into then blood Cells in the muscles and liver detect the insulin They take glucose out of the blood and store it as glycogen

Question 35

Low glucose levels

Answer 35

Receptors in the pancreas detect low glucose levels The pancreas secretes glucagon Cells in the muscles and liver detect the glucagon They convert the glycogen inside their cells into glucose and release it into the blood

Question 36

What would happen if glucose levels got too high

Answer 36

Water could move out of the blood cells due to osmosis

Question 37

What would happen if glucose levels got too low

Answer 37

There wouldn’t be enough for sufficient respiration

Question 38

First step in the menstrual cycle

Answer 38

Days 1-4 Menstruation - uterus lining breaks down

Question 39

Second step in the menstrual cycle

Answer 39

Days 4-14 Uterus lining builds back up to receive a fertilised egg

Question 40

Third step in the menstrual cycle

Answer 40

Day 14 Ovulation - egg released from ovaries

Question 41

Forth step in the menstrual cycle

Answer 41

Uterus lining maintained, if no fertilised egg is implanted, the lining breaks down again

Question 42

FSH

Answer 42

Produced in the pituitary gland Matures egg Stimulates production of oestrogen

Question 43

Oestrogen

Answer 43

Produced in the ovaries Inhibits production of FSH Builds up uterus lining Stimulates production of LH

Question 44

LH

Answer 44

Produced in the pituitary gland Stimulates ovulation Stimulates production of progesterone

Question 45

Progesterone

Answer 45

Produced in the ovaries (follicle) Inhibits the production of LH and FSH Maintains uterus lining

Question 46

Steps of IVF

Answer 46

1. The woman is given FSH and LH to stimulate egg maturation and release 2. Eggs are harvested from the ovaries 3. Sperm are collected from the man 4. Eggs and sperm are mixed to allow fertilisation 5. An embryo is developed in the lab 6. Embryos are implanted back into the uterus

Question 47

Advantages of IVF

Answer 47

Couples can be helped to conceive Can genetically screen the embryo to check for genetic disorders

Question 48

Disadvantages of IVF

Answer 48

Ethically questionable for unused embryos to be destroyed Increased pregnancies (twins/triplets) which causes more danger to the mother and babies Expensive 40% chance for working Stressful

Question 49

What is an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 49

Where the foetus develops outside the uterus e.g. the fallopian tube’s

Question 50

What is a negative feedback loop

Answer 50

Responds when internal conditions change from the ideal point and returns the conditions to normal

Question 51

What dues thyroxine control

Answer 51

The speed oxygen and food products react to release energy

Question 52

What does adrenaline do

Answer 52

Increased heart rate Increases breathing rate Increased delivery for oxygen and glucose to brain 🧠 and muscles 💪 for increased respiration Diverts blood away from areas, such as the digestive system, towards the muscles ( not a negative feedback )