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FF3 Exam 1 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Process of maintaining a stable internal environment or being in a balanced state even with external changes to allow body to function properly

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2
Q

List the general steps of the pathways of homeostasis

A
  1. Stimulus produces change
  2. Change detected by receptor
  3. Input into control center
  4. Output into effector
  5. Response of effector feeds back to magnitude of stimulus
  6. Returns change to homeostasis
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3
Q

What are the 2 types of nerves?

A

Sensory and motor

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4
Q

The autonomic nervous system is _____________ (somatic or visceral) efferent

A

Visceral

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5
Q

The ANS is divided into:

A

SNS and PNS

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6
Q

Describe how the layout of the ANS work in homeostasis

A

Visceral receptors receive signal and take it afferently into ANS integration centers
Sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent relay the information into autonomic effectors (cardiac/smooth mm) to initiate response

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7
Q

Which outflow is in the PSNS?

A

Craniosacral outflow

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8
Q

What type of energy action is PSNS associated with?

A

Anabolism / conservation

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9
Q

SNS is associated with ___________ outflow, thus energy ___________

A

Thoracolumbar; catabolism

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10
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the SNS in pre-synaptic aspect?

A

ACh

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11
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the SNS in pre-synaptic aspect?

A

ACh

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with post ganglionic SNS?

A

Epi/norepinephrine

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13
Q

Describe PSNS release of neurotransmitters

A

Both (pre and post) axons release ACh

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14
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are what type of neurotransmitter?

A

Catecholamine

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15
Q

In SNS, which axons are longer?

A

Post synaptic/ganglionic

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16
Q

Describe PSNS axon length

A

Pre is longer than post

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17
Q

Sympathetic is fight/flight or rest and digest

A

Fight/flight

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18
Q

Does sympathetic or parasympathetic increase blood flow to GIT?

A

Parasympathetic

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19
Q

Which 2 nerves are associated with Craniosacral outflow?

A

Vagus and pelvic

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20
Q

Thoracolumbar associates with which nerves?

A

Vertebral, hypogastric

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21
Q

Ionotropic receptors are ___________

A

Cholinergic - nicotinic on skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Metabotropic is associated with _________

A

Muscarinic

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23
Q

Which synthesized things are associated with cholinergic receptors?

A

Choline, choline acetyltransferase

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24
Q

Degradation at cholinergenic receptors is done by:

A

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

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25
Muscarinic recepors are signaling the ___________ and __________
Stomach and lungs
26
What type of receptors are at the NMJ?
Nicotinic
27
Monoamines/catecholamines are degraded by which 2 Substances?
Monoamine oxidase. (MAO) and Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT)
28
Which receptors are used in monoamine signaling?
Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
29
What is synthesized with monoamines/catecholamines?
Tyrosine, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase
30
In the CNS autonomic flow, the __________ is associated with behavioral arousal, emotion, stress response and homeostasis
Brain
31
What integrates the automatic function with arousal and pain stimulation in CNS Autonomic outflow?
Tegmentum
32
Tonic control of blood pressure and respiratory rhythms is done by?
Medulla
33
List some stuff that the spinal cord is in charge of
- micturition - defecation - erection
34
What is the name of the system in mammals in the Triune brain theory?
Limbic System
35
What is the limbic system involved in the mammal brain?
Decisions - emotions, memory, habits
36
What part of the brain is connected to the structures within the limbic system and brainstem?
Hypothalamus
37
Describe how the Hypothalamus and limbic system work together
Together they control the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system to maintain homeostasis
38
List some functions of the Hypothalamus
- maintain body temp - control repro functions - control food intake
39
What are the 3 types homeostatic responses coordinated by the hypothalamus?
Behavioral, endocrine, autonomic
40
List a function paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
Produce ADH and oxytocin
41
Thermal regulation is done by which hypothalamic nuclei
Anterior nucleus
42
What hypothalamic nuclei contains sexually dimorphic nucleus?
Preoptic area
43
The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the HT receives input from the _______________
Retina
44
Stimulation of which HT nuclei results in obesity and savage behavior?
Dorsomedial nucleus
45
Posterior nucleus is involved in stimulating which NS?
Sympathetic
46
Which HT nuclei if stimulated induces eating?
Lateral nucleus
47
Which HT nuclei is the statiety center?
Ventromedial nucleus
48
Arcuate nucleus produces what?
Produces hypothalamic releasing factors
49
What are the 2 secreting endocrine glands in the hypothalamus?
Anterior and posterior pituitary
50
Which pituitary secretes Oxytocin and ADH?
Posterior pituitary
51
List some hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
FSH, LH, PRL, endorphins
52
Where do the HT secrete the regulatory hormones?
Into local circulation that drains into anterior pituitary
53
How does the HT control the endocrine system?
By secreting oxytocin and vasopressin into general circulation
54
Describe how the HT compares input to biological set points
Receives contextual information and sensory inputs
55
Compare heat control in the hypothalamus area
Preoptic area - heat dissipation Posterior area - heat conservation
56
What type of pathways in the CNS control food intake and energy expenditure by influencing behavior, autonomic activity and metabolic rate
Anabolic and catabolic
57
Energy balance and fat storage mechanisms control the amounts of _____________and ______________
Leptin and insulin
58
Define leptin
Satiety hormone
59
Name the hunger hormone
Ghrelin
60
If the ventromedial hypothalamus was destroyed, what can be a consequence?
Obesity
61
Stimulation of which HT nuclei causes weight loss?
Lateral HT
62
Which HT nuclei is the satiety center ?
Ventromedial
63
True or false: the hypothalamus can mediate immune responses
True
64
Which HT nuclei is responsible for controlling circadian rhythms?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
65
Which is the sleep promoting nucleus?
Ventrolateral Preoptic nucleus

FF3 Exam 1 (18 decks)

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