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FBS 1: Anatomy > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues that secrete hormones on TOP of their physiological functions

A 
Kidney- erythropoietin 
Heart- atrial natriuretic peptide
Gut cells - secretin/gastrin
Adipocytes- leptin 
Placenta- hcg
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2
Q

Neuroendocrine secretion

A

Upon arrival of AP, hormones stored in herring body (near axon terminal) of neurons are released into capillary

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3
Q

Types of hormone delivery

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Neuroendocrine
Endocrine

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4
Q

3 main hormone groups

A

Proteins/peptides ; steroids; amines (thyroid/catecholamines)

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5
Q

Structure + production/storage + transport + 1/2 lives + example of peptide/protein hormones

A

Structure : short peptides/ ppt/ glycoproteins
Production/storage: synthesises as preprohormones-> cleaved into prohormone-> stored in secretory vesicles
Transport: unbound
1/2 life: short
Eg adrenaline

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6
Q

Structure + production/storage + transport + 1/2 lives + example of steroid hormones

A 
Structure: 3x 6C-ring + 1x 5C-ring 
Production/storage: not stored, synthesised when needed in mitochondria/SER
Transport: bound to albumin 
1/2 life: Long 
Eg sex hormones/ corticosteroids
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7
Q

Structure + production/storage + transport + 1/2 lives + example of thyroid amines

A 
Structure: tyrosine derivatives 
Production/storage: produced in thyroid, bound to thyroglobulin 
Transport: bound to thyroglobulin 
1/2 lives: Long 
Eg T3/4
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8
Q

Structure + production/storage + transport + 1/2 lives + example of catecholamines

A 
Structure: tyrosine derivatives 
Production/ storage: stored in secretory granules 
Transport: unbound 
1/2 lives: short 
Eg NA
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9
Q

Steroid hormone receptor mechanism

A

Hormone diffuses through Cm -> binds to intracellular receptor-> translocation to nucleus-> dimerisation at 2 half sites on hormone response element of DNA -> stimulated transcription of particular genes

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10
Q

Receptors for soluble hormones

A

Monomeric : single unit
Multimeric: several subunits
7-membrane spanning domains: beta-adrenergic receptor

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11
Q

What stimulates hormone secretion

A
  1. Mineral ion concentration
  2. Organic nutrient concentration
  3. Neurotransmitter
  4. Paracrine agents (eg hypothalamic hormones)
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12
Q

Pituitary gland anatomy

A

Aka hypothysis; <1g
Anterior lobe: pars tuberalis + pars distalis
Intermediate lobe
Posterior lobe: pars nervosa + infundibulum ( median eminence + infundibular process)

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13
Q

Embryonic development of pituitary

A

Posterior develops from outgrowth of diencephalon (also develops into hypothalamus)
Anterior develops from outgrowth of roof of mouth -> rathke’s pouch -> extension breaks off and attaches to posterior lobe
Pituitary gland enveloped by Stella turica

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14
Q

Posterior pituitary mechanism

A

neural stimuli -> PVN/SON synthesises hormones -> travel down axons in infundibulum-> storage in nerve terminals of pituitary gland -> AP causes release into pituitary vein

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15
Q

ADH/oxytocin source

A

ADH from SON&PVN

Oxytocin from PVN

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16
Q

Anterior pituitary mechanism

A

Specific neural stimuli -> hypothalamic hormone synthesis -> release at median eminence -> travel Long/short hypophyseal portal vessels-> stimulates anterior pituitary to produce and release hormones into blood

17
Q

Arterial supply and drainage of pituitary gland

A

Superior hypophyseal artery: median eminence + infundibulum
Inferior hypophyseal artery: posterior pituitary + short portal vessels-> anterior pituitary
Both arteries connected by trabecular artery

18
Q

5 endocrine cell types of anterior pituitary

A
  1. Thyrotroph
  2. Gonadotroph
  3. Somatotroph
  4. Lactotroph
  5. Corticotroph
19
Q

7 Hormones of anterior pituitary

A
  1. PRL
  2. GH
  3. LH
  4. FSH
  5. TSH
  6. ACTH
20
Q

Anterior pituitary regulation

A

Feedback

Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones (extent of synthesis dependent on input from environment/limbic system )

21
Q

Hypophysiotrophic hormone-> cells in anterior pituitary-> AP hormone -> target gland

A

Trh-> thyrotroph cell’s -> TSH -> thyroid
(-dopamine) Trh-> lactotroph-> prolactin -> mammary
Crh-> corticotroph -> ACTH -> adrenal
Gnrh -> gonadotroph -> LH/FSH -> gonads
(-somatostatin) GHRH -> somatotroph -> GH -> growth

22
Q

Long vs short vs ultra short loop feedback

A

Long: target gland hormone -> AP + hypothalamus
Short : AP hormone -> hypothalamus
Ultra short : target gland hormone -> target gland

FBS 1: Anatomy (13 decks)

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