Stomach And Spleen

Question 1

Types of -tonic stomachs

Answer 1

1. Hypertonic: Super tight
2. Hypotonic : sagging
3. Atonic: sagging and shrunken

Question 2

Parts of stomach

Answer 2

1. Cardia
2. Cardiac notch
3. Fundus
4. Body
5. Greater curvature
6. Lesser curvature
7. Incisura angularis
8. Pyloric antrum
9. Pylorus

Question 3

Cell type of oesophagus vs stomach

Answer 3

Oesophagus: stratified squamous
Stomach: columnar

Question 4

Cardia function

Answer 4

Mucus secretion

Question 5

Fundus function and location

Answer 5

Storage (air can get trapped)

At 5th intercostal space

Question 6

Body

Answer 6

Storage

Secretion of hcl /pepsinogen /IF /mucus

Question 7

Pyloric antrum function and location

Answer 7

At transpyloric plane
Mixing
Gastrin secretion

Question 8

Min max capacity of stomach

Answer 8

0.075-2 litres

Question 9

Gut wall layers

Answer 9

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia / serosa

Question 10

Mucosa contents

Answer 10

Epithelium-> lamina propia -> muscularis mucosa 
GALT 
Submucosal gland 
Mucosal gland 
Duct of accessory gland

Question 11

Submucosa contents

Answer 11

Loose ct 
Bv 
Lymphatics
Nerves (submucosal/meissner’s plexus) 
Glands (sub-mucosal gland)

Question 12

Muscularis externa contents

Answer 12

Inner oblique (stomach only)-> inner circular -> outer longitudinal 
Myenteric/auerbach’s plexus

Question 13

Adventitia/serosa contents; when do you call it serosa

Answer 13

CT or peritoneum
Extrinsic nerves (SNS/PNS)
Bv
Called Serosa only if in peritoneal cavity

Question 14

Effect of inner oblique

Answer 14

Reggae in stomach -> good absorption

Question 15

Celiac trunk vasculature

Answer 15

Common hepatic:
Proper hepatic-> cystic; right; middle; left; right gastric (lesser curvature)
Gastroduodenal-> superior pancreaticduodenal; right gastroepiploic (greater curvature)
Supraduodenal

Left gastric: (distal oesophagus + lesser curvature)

Splenic: 
Posterior gastric 
Short gastric (fundus of stomach) 
Splenic branches 
Left gastroepiploic

Question 16

Lamina propria of mucosa function

Answer 16

Like basement membrane

Question 17

Venous drainage of stomach

Answer 17

Gastric; gastroepiploic; splenic drain into hpv

Oesophagal plexus can drain into hpv or azygos vein (runs up side of thoracic vertebral column towards Superior vena cava; to systemic circulation)

Question 18

Lymphatic drainage of stomach

Answer 18

Right gastric+ left gastric + pyloric + splenic + right gastro-omental -> coeliac -> cysterna chyli-> thoracic duct

Question 19

Stomach nerve supply

Answer 19

PNS : CNX gives rise to left vagus (oesophagus + anterior of stomach) + right vagus (oesophagus + posterior of stomach)

SNS: T6-9 (T9 supplies stomach)
Afferents responsible for epigastric pain
Efferents for vasoconstriction and anti peristalsis

Question 20

Spleen location and features

Answer 20

Ribs 9-11
Intraperitoneal
Largest lymph organ
Highly vascular

Question 21

Spleen function

Answer 21

Haemopoiesis
Removes blood borne antigens
Old RBC destruction and storage
RBC and platelet storage

Question 22

Spleen surfaces

Answer 22

Upper pole/lower pole
Diaphragmatic surface
Visceral surface: gastric/colic/renal
Hilum

Question 23

Enlarged spleen features and causes

Answer 23

Features: can be palpated; visible 
Causes: 
liver disease
Infection 
Blood cancers 
Gaucher’s disease 
Abnormal/occluded blood flow 
Blood cell disorders 
Inflammatory disease