Homeostatic Mechanisms and How They Are Monitored Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, despite external changes.
Why is homeostasis important?
It ensures that conditions within the body remain optimal for enzyme activity and cell function.
What are the main factors regulated by homeostasis?
Temperature, blood pH, water balance, blood glucose levels, and carbon dioxide levels.
What is a receptor in homeostasis?
A receptor is a cell or structure that detects a change in the environment (stimulus).
What is an effector in homeostasis?
An effector is a muscle or gland that carries out a response to bring conditions back to normal.
What is a negative feedback mechanism?
A negative feedback mechanism is a process where a change in a condition triggers a response that counteracts the initial change.
Can you give an example of a negative feedback mechanism?
The regulation of body temperature – when body temperature rises, the body sweats to cool down, and when it falls, the body shivers to generate heat.
What is a positive feedback mechanism?
A positive feedback mechanism amplifies a change, moving the system away from equilibrium.
Can you give an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
Childbirth – the release of oxytocin increases contractions, which in turn releases more oxytocin until delivery occurs.
How are homeostatic conditions monitored in the body?
Through receptors that detect changes in the internal environment, which send signals to the brain for processing and action.
What role does the hypothalamus play in homeostasis?
The hypothalamus monitors conditions such as temperature and water balance and initiates appropriate responses.
What is the role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose levels?
The pancreas monitors blood glucose levels and releases insulin or glucagon to bring levels back to normal.
How is blood pH regulated in the body?
The body regulates pH through buffer systems in the blood, the lungs (by controlling CO₂ levels), and the kidneys (by excreting hydrogen ions).
