Homework 1

Question 1

What is the first line of defense against infection

Answer 1

unbroken skin and mucosal membranes

Question 2

What is active immuntiy

Answer 2

Immune response triggered by infection or vaccination

Question 3

The term delated hypsersensitivity is often used synonymously with

Answer 3

cell-mediated immunity

Question 4

What are the components of the natural immune system

Answer 4

Inborn resistance.
phagocytes
complement
acute inflammatory response

Question 5

Another term for “antigenic determinant” is

Answer 5

epitope

Question 6

Antigenic substances are usually composed of

Answer 6

proteins, peptides, or large polysaccharides

Question 7

What are important characteristics of an antigen

Answer 7

foreignness
degradability
molecular weight
structural stability
complexity

Question 8

What substances can act as an antigen triggering an immune response

Answer 8

immunogens such as
viruses
bacteria
fungus
parasite
portion of a product (cell wall, capsule, endotoxin)
Tissue or cells from another individual

Question 9

The chemical composition of an antibody is

Answer 9

proteins or large polysaccharides

Question 10

Compare and contrast cell mediated immunity with humoral immunity

Answer 10

Cell mediated immunity:
delayed hypersensitivity
T-cells and phagocytes
cell-to-cell contact

Humoral immunity:
B-lymph
antibody mediated
defends against bacterial infection

Question 11

Give two examples of passive immunity

Answer 11

Antibodies pass through the placenta
antibody containing serum (Rhogam)

Question 12

There are two ways a person can have adaptive immunity. Name them

Answer 12

Infection or vaccination

Question 13

List the forms of vaccinations

Answer 13

weak or attenuated cells
killed cells or viruses
extracted bacterial products
may contain only a portion of infectious agent

Question 14

The primary antibody response is

Answer 14

lag, log, plateau, decline

Question 15

What is an antibody? Make sure to include a description of basic structure

Answer 15

glycoproteins that combine with antigens to destroy them. Basic polypeptide structure with a 4 chain structure of heavy and light chains.

Question 16

Highest plasma/serum concentrations in normal individuals

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

Exists as a pentamer

Answer 17

IgM

Question 18

Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 18

IgE

Question 19

When antigen/antibody complexes are formed, complement can be activated

Answer 19

IgG

Question 20

Capable of crossing the placenta

Answer 20

IgG

Question 21

Confined to the blood stream

Answer 21

IgM

Question 22

Exists as a dimer

Answer 22

IgA secretory

Question 23

An immunoglobulin in secretions

Answer 23

IgA

Question 24

Produced early in an immune response

Answer 24

IgM

Question 25

Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

Answer 25

IgD

Question 26

What is the variable region of the antibody structure

Answer 26

Fragment antibody (Fab) The tip of the Y's that hold the antibody

Question 27

Light chains on the antibody structure are of two types. name them

Answer 27

Lambda and Kappa

Question 28

Describe an anamnestic response compared to a primary response

Answer 28

Shorter lag phase, longer plateau, more gradual decline, IgG primarily, antibody levels contain higher titer