HORMONE MASTER LIST Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the role of Growth Hormone?
Stimulates mitosis which results in overall growth
Growth Hormone is crucial for growth and development in tissues.
What stimulates the release of Prolactin?
Lack of prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) from the hypothalamus
Prolactin is important for milk production in breastfeeding.
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
- Growth Hormone
- Prolactin
- FSH
- LH
- TSH
- ACTH
These hormones play significant roles in growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions.
What is the target organ for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
Gonads
FSH is involved in the development of sex cells, such as eggs and sperm.
What is the action of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?
Stimulates thyroxine (T3 & T4) release
TSH regulates metabolism and energy levels by stimulating the thyroid gland.
What is the function of Oxytocin?
Stimulates milk ejection and uterus contraction during birth
Oxytocin is sometimes referred to as the ‘love hormone’ due to its role in bonding.
What stimulates the release of Vasopressin (ADH)?
Neural stimulation from the hypothalamus
ADH is important for water retention in the kidneys.
What does high calcium concentration in blood stimulate?
Release of Calcitonin
Calcitonin helps lower blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones.
What is the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
Stimulates bone resorption of calcium from bone and stimulates calcium absorption in intestine
PTH raises blood calcium levels, counteracting the effects of calcitonin.
What triggers the release of Aldosterone?
Angiotensin II (part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade)
Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels, affecting blood pressure.
Fill in the blank: The anterior pituitary releases _______ in response to Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.
FSH & LH
These hormones are essential for reproductive processes.
True or False: Thyroxine (T4) raises metabolic rate when chronically exposed to cold.
True
Thyroxine has a calorigenic effect, increasing metabolism under specific conditions.
What is the primary action of Aldosterone?
Stimulates sodium reabsorption in kidney which causes increased water retention
This action contributes to regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
Adrenal medulla
Modifies normal system for emergency situations. Associated with acute stress.
Pancreas
Lowers blood glucose by shuttling it into cells. Cells then either convert to glycogen or fat.
Pineal Gland
Neuromodulates brain to initiate sleep. Working nights can throw off melatonin and is associated with depression and metabolic changes.
Thymus
Stimulates T-cell production and training that are involved in cell mediated immunity.
Ovaries
Stimulates female maturation and fosters egg development. Prepares female body for sexual encounter.
Testes
Stimulates male reproductive development, maturation, sperm production, and sexual behavior. Associated with aggression.
Cortisol
Increases glucose production and metabolism. Suppresses immune cells. Release is often associated with effects of chronic stress.
Androgens
Weak steroids produced by the adrenal cortex are converted into sex steroids by gonads (est & prog in females, testosterone in males).
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Systems associated with fight or flight (vasculature, heart, eyes, etc).
Insulin
Lowers blood glucose by shuttling it into cells. Cells then either convert to glycogen or fat.
Glucagon
Raises blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Blood sugar levels must always be in homeostatic range so that normal brain function can continue.
