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AP2 GRECO - UNIT 2 > HORMONES > Flashcards

HORMONES Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ACTH stand for?

A

AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone

Released by: Anterior Pituitary

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2
Q

What stimulates the release of ACTH?

A

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) from hypothalamus

Target organ: adrenal cortex

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3
Q

What is the action of ACTH?

A

Stimulates steroid release from adrenal cortex

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4
Q

What does TSH stand for?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Released by: Anterior Pituitary

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5
Q

What stimulates the release of TSH?

A

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus

Target organ: thyroid

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6
Q

What is the action of TSH?

A

Stimulates Thyroxine Release

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7
Q

What is Growth Hormone’s function?

A

Stimulated mitosis
(cell division = growth)

Released by: Anterior Pituitary

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8
Q

What stimulates the release of Growth Hormone?

A

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) from hypothalamus

Target organ: all cells of the body

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9
Q

What is the role of Prolactin?

A

Stimulates milk production and other maternal physiological changes

Released by: Anterior Pituitary

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10
Q

What stimulates the release of Prolactin?

A

Reduction in Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone (PIH) release from hypothalamus

Target organ: breast & uterus

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11
Q

What does LH stand for?

A

Luteinizing Hormone

Released by: Anterior Pituitary

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12
Q

What stimulates the release of LH?

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus

Target organ: gonads

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13
Q

What is the action of LH?

A

Stimulates sex steroid release

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14
Q

What does FSH stand for?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Released by: Anterior Pituitary

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15
Q

What stimulates the release of FSH?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus

Target organ: gonads

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16
Q

What is the action of FSH?

A

Stimulates sex cell development (egg and sperm)

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17
Q

What hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and stimulates milk ejection?

A

Oxytocin

Oxytocin also plays a role in maternal behavior and pair bonding.

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18
Q

Which hormone is also known as ADH or vasopressin?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

ADH is released by the posterior pituitary and stimulates water retention.

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19
Q

What stimulates the release of Antidiuretic Hormone?

A

Neurons from the hypothalamus

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20
Q

What is the target organ for Thyroxine (T3 & T4)?

A

All cells

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21
Q

What is the primary action of Thyroxine?

A

’Calorigenic effect’: regulates rate of metabolism

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22
Q

Which gland releases Melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

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23
Q

What stimulates the release of Melatonin?

A

Neurons of visual cortex (perceiving darkness)

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24
Q

What is the action of Melatonin?

A

Stimulates sleep

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25
What hormone is released by the thymus?
Thymosine
26
What stimulates the release of Thymosine?
Hormones of the immune system
27
What are the target organs of Thymosine?
Bone marrow & immune cells
28
What is the action of Thymosine?
Stimulates T-cell production and cell mediated immunity
29
What hormone is released by the thyroid in response to high blood calcium concentration?
Calcitonin
30
What is the target organ for Calcitonin?
Bone & intestine
31
What action does Calcitonin have on blood calcium concentration?
Stimulates bone deposit, inhibits calcium absorption in GI tract, results in decreased blood calcium concentration
32
What hormone is released by the parathyroid gland?
Parathyroid Hormone ## Footnote Parathyroid Hormone is crucial for calcium homeostasis in the body.
33
What stimulates the release of Parathyroid Hormone?
Low blood calcium concentration ## Footnote This hormone plays a vital role in regulating calcium levels.
34
What are the target organs of Parathyroid Hormone?
Bone & intestine ## Footnote These organs are involved in calcium metabolism.
35
What is the action of Parathyroid Hormone?
Stimulates bone resorption, increased calcium absorption in Gl tract ## Footnote This leads to increased blood calcium concentration.
36
What hormone is released by the pancreas?
Insulin ## Footnote Insulin is essential for glucose metabolism.
37
What stimulates the release of Insulin?
High blood sugar concentration ## Footnote Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels.
38
What are the target organs of Insulin?
Liver, muscle, fat cells ## Footnote These organs are responsible for glucose uptake.
39
What is the action of Insulin?
Aids glucose entry into cells ## Footnote This results in decreased blood sugar concentration to normal levels.
40
What hormone is also released by the pancreas?
Glucagon ## Footnote Glucagon works oppositely to insulin.
41
What stimulates the release of Glucagon?
Low blood sugar concentration ## Footnote This triggers glucagon release to increase blood sugar.
42
What is the target organ of Glucagon?
Liver ## Footnote The liver is key for glucose production.
43
What is the action of Glucagon?
Increases glucose manufacture and release from liver ## Footnote This leads to increased blood sugar concentration.
44
What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine ## Footnote These hormones are involved in the body's stress response.
45
What stimulates the release of Epinephrine & Norepinephrine?
Sympathetic nervous system ## Footnote This is part of the body's fight or flight response.
46
What are the target organs of Epinephrine & Norepinephrine?
Fight or flight organs & structures ## Footnote These include the heart, lungs, and muscles.
47
What is the action of Epinephrine & Norepinephrine?
Modifies systems for emergency response ## Footnote This is part of the acute stress response.
48
What hormones are released by the ovaries?
Estrogen & Progesterone ## Footnote These hormones are crucial for female reproductive health.
49
What stimulates the release of Estrogen & Progesterone?
LH from anterior pituitary ## Footnote LH is essential for reproductive hormone regulation.
50
What are the target organs of Estrogen & Progesterone?
Female developmental structures, brain ## Footnote These hormones affect both physical development and brain function.
51
What is the action of Estrogen & Progesterone?
Female reproductive development and ovum production and maturation ## Footnote They are also involved in sexual priming.
52
What hormone is released by the testes?
Testosterone ## Footnote Testosterone is critical for male reproductive health.
53
What stimulates the release of Testosterone?
LH from anterior pituitary ## Footnote This regulation is important for male sexual characteristics.
54
What are the target organs of Testosterone?
Male developmental structures, brain ## Footnote Testosterone influences both physical development and behavior.
55
What is the action of Testosterone?
Male reproductive development and sperm production and maturation ## Footnote It also influences male sexual behaviors.
56
What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and stimulates sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Aldosterone ## Footnote Aldosterone is also involved in potassium excretion.
57
What stimulates the release of aldosterone?
ACTH, dehydration, and angiotensin ## Footnote ACTH is adrenocorticotropic hormone.
58
What is the target organ of aldosterone?
Kidney
59
What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and is converted to sex steroids by gonads?
Androgens
60
What stimulates the release of androgens?
ACTH from anterior pituitary
61
What is the target organ of androgens?
Gonads
62
What hormones are androgens converted to by gonads?
Testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone ## Footnote These are the primary sex steroids.
63
What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and increases glucose production and metabolism?
Cortisol
64
What stimulates the release of cortisol?
ACTH from anterior pituitary
65
What is the target organ of cortisol?
All cells
66
What is one of the actions of cortisol aside from increasing glucose production?
Suppressed immune response
67
True or False: Cortisol is part of the chronic stress response.
True

AP2 GRECO - UNIT 2 (7 decks)

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