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Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Mixed agonists with estrogenic effects are called ___________

A

Selective Estrogen receptor modulator

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2
Q

Long-acting esters of estradiol _______________ is administered __________

A

Estradiol cypionate
IV

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3
Q

Biologic source of estrogen

A

Premarin

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4
Q

Effects of estrogen on the body

A
  1. Modifies protein levels
  2. Reduces LDL and Increases HDL
  3. Reduces bone resorption
    4.Enhances the coagulability of blood
    5.Inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary
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5
Q

Estrogen is used for

A

Hypogonadism
Estrogen deficiency (POF, menopause or surgical removal of varies)
Osteoporosis

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6
Q

Estrogen increases the risk for _____________ and ______________ CA

A

Breast
Endometrial

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7
Q

Endometrial cancer risk can be reduced by adding ____________ to estrogen

A

Progestin

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8
Q

Dosage of estrogen must be reduced in hypogonadal girls. Why?

A

To prevent premature closure of epiphyses of long bones and short stature

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9
Q

What are dose-dependent toxicities of estrogen?

A

Nausea
Breast tenderness
Migraine headache
Thromboembolic events
Gall bladder disease
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypertension
Increased clotting factors

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10
Q

The side effect of increased clotting factors by estrogen can be decreased by ______________

A

avoiding oral route

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11
Q

Diethylstilbestrol use is associated with ____________, ______________, and ______________ in the daughters of women who were treated for spontaneous abortion

A

Infertility
Ectopic pregnancy
Vaginal adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

Progesterone ___________________ have improved oral bioavailability

A

Medroxyprogesterone

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13
Q

Fx of progesterone

A

Maintenance of pregnancy
Affect carb metabolism
Suppress ovulation in high doses

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14
Q

Uses of progesterone

A

COntraceptive with estrogen
Maintain pregnancy

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15
Q

Toxicities of progesterone

A

Decrease HDL
Weight gain
Decrease in bone density
Delayed resumption of ovulation after termination of therapy
Increases the risk of breast CA

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16
Q

Postcoital contraceptive

A

L-norgestrel alone
Estrogen alone
COCP

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17
Q

Abortifacient

A

Mifepristone
Misoprostol

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18
Q

Endometriosis

A

OCP
Depot inj of medroxyprogesterone acetate
GnRH agonist
Danazol

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19
Q

Breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen
Aromatase inhibitors (e.g. anastrozole)

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20
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Estrogen
Raloxifene

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21
Q

Infertility

Study These Flashcards
A

Clomiphene
hMG
hCG
GnRH analogs
Progesterone
Bromocriptine

22
Q

Hirsutism

Study These Flashcards
A

COCP
Spironolactone
Flutamide
GnRH agonists

23
Q

Prostate hyperplasia

24
Q

Norethindrone is AKA ___________

25
What is norethindrone?
Progesterone For breastfeeding women
26
COCPs are available in
monophasic biphasic triphasic quadriphasic
27
Postcoital contraceptives should be used within _______ hours after unprotected intercourse
72 hours
28
What is the action of COCP?
Inhibition of ovulation Thickening of the cervical mucus Affects the tubal function and endometrial lining
29
Using COCPs has reduced the risk of many diseases.
Ovarian cyst Ovarian CA Endometrial CA PID Ectopic pregnancy Iron deficiency anemia Benign breast disease Rheumatoid arthritis
30
What are the toxicities of COCPs?
Thromboembolic events Breast CA Nausea Breast tenderness Headache Skin pigmentation Depression Weight gain Acne Hirsutism
31
Why SERMs have agonist and antagonist effects at different sites?
Different ER dimers ERa-ERa ERa-ERb ERb-ERb
32
Name some SERMS
Tamoxifen Raloxifene Clomiphene Toremifene Bazedoxifine
33
_______________ is a pure estrogen receptor antagonist
Fulvestrant
34
Tamoxifen is used for the tx of ______________
Hormone responsive breast cancer
35
What is the action of tamoxifen?
Antagonist in breast tissue Agonist at endometrial tissue
36
What are the pros of tamoxifen?
Reduces risk of breast CA Prevents osteoporosis
37
What are the cons of tamoxifen?
Endometrial CA (agonist) Venous thromboembolism (agonist) Hot flushes (antagonist)
38
Raloxifene is used for __________________ Clomiphene is used for __________________
Osteoporosis Induction of ovulation
39
_______________ is a newer SERM for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and prophylaxis of osteoporosis
Bazedoxifene
40
Raloxifene reduces the risk of ______________ cancer
breast
41
Side effects of raloxifene
Hot flushes Venous thromboembolism
42
How does clomiphene induce ovulation?
It is a partial agonist at the estrogen receptor so it increases FSH and LH output (by reducing the negative feedback)
43
______________ is used in tx of breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen
Fulvestrant
44
Name the aromatase inhibitors and their use.
Anastrozole Letrozole Exemestane Used for Breast cancer
45
What is the mechanism of action of Danazol?
It inhibits the P450 enzyme involved in gonadal steroid synthesis Weak partial agonist at progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors
46
Danazol is used for _________________ and ____________________
Endometriosis Fibrocystic disease of the breast
47
GnRH analog _____________ is used for _________________ (4)
Leuprolide Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation Precocious puberty Endometriosis Fibroids
48
Side effect of leuprolide
Decreased bone density if used for more than 6 months
49
GnRH antagonist _______________ and _____________ are used for ___________________
Ganirelix Cetrorelix Controlled ovarian hyperstimualtion
50
Antiprogestins (Mifepristone) is used as an abortifacient in ____________ pregnancy
early (up to 49 days after LMP)
51
Most common complication of mifepristone is ______________
failure to induce abortion
52
Side effects of Mifepristone
N/V/D and cramping and bleeding associated with passing the pregnancy

Gynaecology and Obstetrics (13 decks)

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