Hormones

Question 1

What are hormones?

Answer 1

Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various functions in the body.

Question 2

True or False: Hormones are only produced by the endocrine glands.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The main function of hormones is to __________ bodily functions.

Answer 3

regulate

Question 4

Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’?

Answer 4

Pituitary gland

Question 5

What hormone is responsible for regulating metabolism?

Answer 5

Thyroxine

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas? A) Insulin B) Adrenaline C) Estrogen

Answer 6

A) Insulin

Question 7

What hormone is released in response to stress?

Answer 7

Cortisol

Question 8

True or False: Hormones can only have effects on the organs that produce them.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

Fill in the blank: __________ is the hormone responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 10

Adrenaline

Question 11

What role does estrogen play in the female body?

Answer 11

Regulation of the menstrual cycle and development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in water retention? A) Aldosterone B) Testosterone C) Progesterone

Answer 12

A) Aldosterone

Question 13

What is the primary function of testosterone?

Answer 13

Development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 14

True or False: Hormones can influence mood and behavior.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production?

Answer 15

Prolactin

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The __________ gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.

Answer 16

Pineal

Question 17

Which hormone is often referred to as the ‘love hormone’?

Answer 17

Oxytocin

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which gland produces adrenaline? A) Thyroid B) Adrenal C) Pituitary

Answer 18

B) Adrenal

Question 19

What is the role of glucagon in the body?

Answer 19

To increase blood glucose levels.

Question 20

True or False: Hormones can have both short-term and long-term effects.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What hormone is involved in the regulation of the sleep cycle?

Answer 21

Melatonin

Question 22

Fill in the blank: __________ is the hormone that promotes the development of sperm.

Answer 22

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 23

What is the primary function of the thyroid hormones?

Answer 23

Regulation of metabolism and energy production.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which hormone decreases during stress? A) Cortisol B) Insulin C) Adrenaline

Answer 24

B) Insulin

Question 25

What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?

Answer 25

It lowers blood glucose levels.

Question 26

True or False: Hormones can only act on specific target cells.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 27

Regulation of calcium levels in the blood.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The __________ hormone is responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicles.

Answer 28

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 29

What is the main effect of growth hormone?

Answer 29

Stimulates growth and cell reproduction.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in the stress response? A) Cortisol B) Estrogen C) Insulin

Answer 30

A) Cortisol

Question 31

What effect does oxytocin have during childbirth?

Answer 31

It stimulates uterine contractions.

Question 32

True or False: Hormones can be classified as either steroid or peptide hormones.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What hormone is primarily responsible for the body's circadian rhythms?

Answer 33

Melatonin

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The __________ hormone promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.

Answer 34

Aldosterone

Question 35

What is the role of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Answer 35

To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Question 36

What are catecholamines?

Answer 36

Catecholamines are hormones produced by the adrenal glands, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Question 37

True or False: Dopamine is a type of catecholamine.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the primary role of dopamine in the brain?

Answer 38

Dopamine plays a key role in reward, motivation, memory, attention, and regulation of body movements.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The main metabolites of catecholamines are ______ and ______.

Answer 39

HVA and VMA

Question 40

What does HVA stand for?

Answer 40

HVA stands for homovanillic acid.

Question 41

What does VMA stand for?

Answer 41

VMA stands for vanillylmandelic acid.

Question 42

True or False: VMA is primarily associated with the metabolism of norepinephrine.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What type of tumor is a pheochromocytoma?

Answer 43

A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines.

Question 44

What symptoms are commonly associated with pheochromocytoma?

Answer 44

Symptoms include hypertension, headaches, sweating, and palpitations.

Question 45

What condition is characterized by high levels of catecholamines in the urine?

Answer 45

Pheochromocytoma

Question 46

What is neuroblastoma?

Answer 46

Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that develops from immature nerve cells, often found in the adrenal glands or along the spinal cord.

Question 47

True or False: Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What is the primary age group affected by neuroblastoma?

Answer 48

Neuroblastoma primarily affects children under the age of 5.

Question 49

How can catecholamine levels be used in diagnosing neuroblastoma?

Answer 49

Elevated levels of HVA and VMA in urine can indicate the presence of neuroblastoma.

Question 50

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine? A) Epinephrine B) Norepinephrine C) Serotonin D) Dopamine

Answer 50

C) Serotonin

Question 51

What is the relationship between neuroblastoma and catecholamines?

Answer 51

Neuroblastoma can produce catecholamines, leading to elevated levels of HVA and VMA.

Question 52

Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla primarily produces ______ and ______.

Answer 52

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 53

True or False: Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What effect do catecholamines have on the body?

Answer 54

Catecholamines prepare the body for 'fight or flight' by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.

Question 55

What diagnostic tests are used to measure catecholamine levels?

Answer 55

Urine tests for HVA and VMA, and blood tests for catecholamines.

Question 56

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by excess catecholamine production? A) Pheochromocytoma B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) All of the above

Answer 56

A) Pheochromocytoma

Question 57

What is the significance of HVA in pediatric oncology?

Answer 57

HVA is a marker for neuroblastoma and can help in monitoring treatment response.

Question 58

What is a common treatment approach for pheochromocytoma?

Answer 58

Surgical removal of the tumor is the common treatment for pheochromocytoma.

Question 59

Fill in the blank: High levels of ______ in the urine can indicate the presence of neuroblastoma.

Answer 59

VMA

Question 60

True or False: Neuroblastoma can spontaneously regress in some cases.

Answer 60

True