Hormones and Our Brain

Question 1

What is the endocrine feedback loop also known as?

Answer 1

Negative feedback loop

Question 2

Where does the negative feedback loop start

Answer 2

Hypothalamus 

Question 3

neural and hormonal communications what?

Answer 3

differ

Question 4

What are tropic hormones?

Answer 4

From pituitary that affect other endocrine glands

Question 5

characteristics of hormonal communications

Answer 5

• act in gradual fashion
• have pulsatile secretion-in bursts
• some controlled by circadian clocks (release when you sleep)

Question 6

What does releasing hormones from the hypothalamus do

Answer 6

Control pituitary release of tropic hormones

Question 7

What are examples of some tropic hormones?

Answer 7

prolactin, gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone, ACTH, and growth hormone

Question 8

Where is the pituitary gland?

Answer 8

beneath the hypothalamus

Question 9

What does vasopressin do?

Answer 9

Raises blood pressure and inhibits urine formation

Question 10

What does oxytocin do

Answer 10

Maternal behavior/bonding

Question 11

What happens if you take a lot of thyroid pills?

Answer 11

TSH(thyroid, stimulating hormone )is low

Question 12

what is the endocrine cycle?

Answer 12

hypothalmus–> anterior pituitary–>thyroid gland —-> target cells

Question 13

TSH->

Answer 13

Thyroid hormone 

Question 14

what hormone gets released between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

Answer 14

thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH)

Question 15

ACTH->

Answer 15

Cortisol

Question 16

what hormone gets released between the anterior pituitary and thyroid gland

Answer 16

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 17

How do hypothalamic neuron synthesize?

Answer 17

Releasing hormones

Question 18

what hormone gets released between the thyroid gland and target cells?

Answer 18

thyroid hormones

Question 19

What does a thyroid hormone need in the diet?

Answer 19

Iodine

Question 20

What does early thyroid deficiency cause?

Answer 20

Cretinism(mental retardation)

Question 21

What is a goiter?

Answer 21

Swelling of the thyroid gland from iodine deficiency

Question 22

Why does the throat swell if there is a thyroid deficiency

Answer 22

Negative feedback

Question 23

Endocrine pathology mimics what

Answer 23

Psychiatric disorders

Question 24

What is Cushing’s disease?

Answer 24

Results from long-term excess glucocorticoid with fatigue, depression, and psychosis

Question 25

What are the seven level that determine sex

Answer 25

Chromosomes, gonads, internal organs, external organs, brain, gender identity, and gender preference

Question 26

Why do we have sex?

Answer 26

Reproduction, DNA shuffling, it’s fun

Question 27

after the hypothalamic neurons synthesize, releasing hormones are secreted where?

Answer 27

into local blood vessels

Question 28

How is sex like hunger and thirst?

Answer 28

Involves arousal in satiation, hormonal control, it is controlled by specific areas of the brain

Question 29

Where do releasing hormones float to?

Answer 29

anterior pituitary, which release hormones to body

Question 30

How is sex, unlike hunger and thirst?

Answer 30

Individuals don’t require sex for survival(species do)

Question 31

What is estrus ?

Answer 31

When a female is sexually receptive

Question 32

What happens when estrogen rises before ovulation

Answer 32

Promotes non-human sexual behavior

Question 33

if a female is sexually receptive she is in what?

Answer 33

estrus

Question 34

What does an increase of dopamine do in the context of neurotransmitters and sex

Answer 34

Increase sexual activity in humans and produce erection in men

Question 35

What is sex determination

Answer 35

Whether embryo will be male or female

Question 36

What does SRY gene determine

Answer 36

The development of testes.

Question 37

Without the SRY, what happens

Answer 37

ovaries form

Question 38

What does testosterone do for the human brain?

Answer 38

Main organizing hormone of human brain

Question 39

The organizing effects of testosterone mainly occurs when?

Answer 39

prenatally or shortly after birth

Question 40

the activating effects of testosterone mainly occur when?

Answer 40

any time in life

Question 41

what part of the brain is larger in women?

Answer 41

corpus callosum

Question 42

the size of the corpus callosum correlates to what in women

Answer 42

cognitive skills

Question 43

an asymmetrical brain correlates what?

Answer 43

prenatal brain

Question 44

What are some physical differences between the male and female brain?

Answer 44

males have greater symmetry and the right hemisphere is thicker in men than in women

Question 45

Where do women have more neurons in?

Answer 45

dorsolateral cortex(think before you act) and superior temporal gyrus (talking/listening)

Question 46

what is dorsolateral cortex

Answer 46

think before you act

Question 47

superior temporal gyrus

Answer 47

talking/listening

Question 48

how are men better connected?

Answer 48

front-to back

Question 49

how does front to back connection work?

Answer 49

don't think just do-instant reaction

Question 50

what about the brain is bigger in men?

Answer 50

right hemisphere

Question 51

how are women better connected?

Answer 51

left-to-right

Question 52

how does left to right connection work?

Answer 52

overthinking, slower reaction

Question 53

what is impaired by spatial ability?

Answer 53

estrogen

Question 54

high estrogen is associated with what?

Answer 54

- depressed spatial ability - enhanced speech and manual skill tasks