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X-Nutrition Final - Mine > Horse > Flashcards

Horse Flashcards

1
Q

With horses energy requirements, VFA can provide?

A
  • Up to 75% of the energy requirement
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2
Q

How much saliva do Horses produce a day?

A
  • 20 liters
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3
Q

Horse saliva production is nessasary for?

A
  • Lubricating the food for easier passage
  • Neutralising the stomach acid

Horse saliva does not contain digestive enzymes

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4
Q

Passage type of a Horse stomach?

A
  • 1-5 hours
    -Depends on feed type
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5
Q

Horse stomach is divided into?

A
  • Non-Glandular
  • Glandular
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6
Q

What activity is in the Non-Glandular part of the Horse stomach?

A
  • Bacterial fermentation of Soluble Carbohydrates begins
  • Soluble Carbohydrates (starch) are converted into Lactic Acid
  • This process stops as the stomach content move into the Glandular part of the stomach
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7
Q

What activity is in the Glandular part of the Horse stomach?

A
  • Content is mixed with Gastric Acid
  • It constantly secretes
    -Hydrochloric Acid
    -Pepsin
  • Which start Protein digestion
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8
Q

The Small Intestine digest what?

A
  • Starch = 65-75% (Limited ability)
  • Starch + Monosaccharides are digested and absorbed in duodenum and jejunum
  • Protein + AAs = 60-70%
  • Fat = 90% (Requires Bile Salts)
    -Fat is digested and absorbed in the ileum
  • Ca absorption = 95-99%
  • Phosphorus = 20-25%
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9
Q

Passage rate of the Horse Small Intestine?

A
  • 1.5 hours
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10
Q

Bile production in Horses is different, why?

A
  • Horses don’t have a Gall Bladder
  • It’s produced by the liver instead
  • Bile helps with Fat digestion
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11
Q

What is the main absorption of Horse Cecum?

A
  • Water
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12
Q

Passage rate of a Horse Cecum?

A
  • 36-48 hours
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13
Q

What does the Colon of a Horse absorbe?

A

Large Colon
* Water
* VFAs
* AA
* Phosphorus (50%)
* NaCl

Small Colon
* Water

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14
Q

What is the function of a Horse Cecum and Colon?

A
  • Microbial fermentation of Structural Carbohydrates
    -Cellulose
    -Hemi-Celluose
    -Pectins
  • Also microbial fermentation of the Fibrous content
  • Production of VFAs (Cecum) and Absorbtion of VFAs (Colon)
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15
Q

Which amolytic enzyme is essential for the digestion of stach in horse small intestine?

A
  • Alpha-Amylase
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16
Q

Recommended Starch amount in horse feed per day?

A
  • Shoul be limited to 1-1.5g/kg BW
17
Q

What is the recommendation of Horse feed per day?

A
  • At least 1kg DM/100kg BW
  • 1% of weight
18
Q

What is the amount of water consumbed by Horses daily?

A
  • 20-55 (or more)
19
Q

Energy,Protein and Fat requirments of a Horse are?

A
  • Crude fibre = 17-25% DM
    -NDF = 40-50% DM
    -ADF = 30-35% DM
  • Crude protein = 7-20% DM
    -5g digestable protein per 1MJ DE = 9/10:1 ratio
  • Crude Fat = 3-5% DM
    -Horses can tolerate high levels of fat, can digest 10-20% fat in their diet
20
Q

What is the largest part of the Horses diet?

A
  • Carbohydrates!
21
Q

Which feedstuff in best for horses with regards to starch digestability?

A
  • Oats
  • Digestability 80-90%
22
Q

What is the Calcum-Phosphorus ratio of Mare in the last 3 months of pregnancy?

A
  • 1.4
  • Ca 0.5 : P 0.3
23
Q

What is the Calcium-Phosphorus ratio of Mare during lactation?

A
  • 1.7
  • Ca 0.6 : P 0.35
24
Q

What is the birth weight of a foal?

A
  • 8-10% of the mares initial body weight
25
Q

What is the gestation weight of a mare?

A
  • 12-16% of the mares initial weight
26
Q

When is the most important fetal growth during a mares gestation?

A
  • Mid to Late gestation (last 4 months)
  • Will gain 70-75% of its final birth weight
27
Q

When does the mare need increased nutrients during gestation?

A
  • Late gestation (last 4 months)
  • Should recieve about 1.5-2.0% of BW in feed/day
28
Q

Lactating mare requires more?

A
  • Protein
  • Energy
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
29
Q

How much total feed does a lactating mare require?

A
  • 2-3% of mares BW
30
Q

Digestable Crude Protein per unit of Energy of pregnant vs lactating mare?

A
  • Pregnant = 7g CP per unit of Energy MJ
  • Lactating = 9g CP per unit of Energy MJ
31
Q

When do you need to increase the supply of energy and nutrients for Stallions?

A
  • 4-6 weeks before and during mating
32
Q

Working horses have increased requirement for?

A
  • Energy!
  • Depending on the working hours the energy requirements increase 25%, 50% and 100% above the normal maintenance

X-Nutrition Final - Mine (16 decks)

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