horses and equine industry notes Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
young female horse
A
filly
2
Q
mature female horse
A
mare
3
Q
young male horse
A
colt
4
Q
mature male horse
A
stallion
5
Q
young castrated male
A
gelding
6
Q
newborn horse
A
foal
7
Q
group of horses
A
herd
8
Q
horse parturition
A
foaling
9
Q
place where stallions are housed
A
stud
10
Q
unit of measure
A
hand (4 inches)
11
Q
female donkey
A
jenny/jennet
12
Q
male donkey
A
jack
13
Q
mammoth donkey
A
> 56”
14
Q
standard donkey
A
37-55”
15
Q
mini donkey
A
<36”
16
Q
mare x jack
A
mule
17
Q
jenny x stallion
A
hinny
18
Q
female mule/hinny
A
molly
19
Q
male mule/hinny
A
john
20
Q
64 chromosomes
fertile
shortest ears
long hair on tail
softer mane and tail
6 lumbar vertebrae
larger hooves
A
horse
21
Q
63 chromosomes
infertile
long ears
A
mule
22
Q
62 chromosomes
most fertile
longest ears
shortest hear on tail
stiff mane and tail
5 lumbar vertebrae
A
donkey
23
Q
63 chromosomes
infertile
long ears
A
mule
24
Q
what the top five states in the horse industry?
A
Texas
California
Florida
Ohio
Oklahoma
25
what total economic impact of the horse industry in the USA?
$177 billion and employs 2.2 million people
26
how many horses are there in the USA?
6.6 million (decreased from 2017)
27
what is the world total economic impact of the equine industry?
$300 billion
28
when did the earliest known horse evolve?
55 million years ago
29
what is a Hydracotherium?
dog sized
forest browsers
4 toes on front foot, 3 toes on rear
30
what is a dinohippus?
terrible or powerful horse
most closely related to Equus
single toes
ate mostly grass
11-4 million years ago
31
what happened 10000 yeas ago?
the end of the Ice age
wild horses died out in Americas
dwindled in Western Europe
horses thrives on grasslands of East Europe and Central Asia
32
when were horses domesticated?
5500 years ago
33
where were horse domesticated?
lower Volga Don region, between Black and Caspian Seas
34
what is a Przewalski's horse?
-only wild horses left in the world
-originally ranged throughout Europe and Asia
-small and stocky
-heavy built and large head
-dun-colored and erect mane
35
what were the uses of horses in the early human societies?
meat, milk, pulled wagons and vehicles then later used for riding in 2000BC
36
what did horses do since they allowed humans to travel great distances?
led conflict and changed pastoral nomads of the Asian steppes into mounted warriors
37
what are work horses?
- a draft horse
- half the cost and ate half the feed
-faster and stronger
brought in heavy loads of goods from farms
-carriage and trolley horses were modes of transport
38
what is a quarter horse?
all color except paint
US origin
short races, showing, stock work
39
what is a saddlebred?
chestnut, bay, brown
Kentucky origin
showing, pleasure riding, gated
40
what is a arabian?
bay, chestnut, brown, black
Arabia origin
showing, pleasure riding, races
41
what is a morgan horse?
new england
pleasure riding, driving, showing
42
what is a standard bred?
bay is most common, US origin, harness racing
43
what is Tennessee walking?
Tennessee
showing, pleasure riding
44
what is a thoroughbred?
England
racing longer distances
45
what is a pony?
typically 14.2 hands or smaller
shetland, pony of americas and welsh
selected for children
was used for mining
46
what are draft horses?
larger and heavier
developed as war horses of Kings and Knights
used in draft labor and farm work
47
what are draft horse breeds?
Belgian, Clydesdale, Shire, Suffolk and Percheron
48
what is a walk?
4 beat gait
each foot strikes the ground independently
49
what is a trot?
diagonal (opposite front and rear together)
2 beat gait
50
what is a pace?
lateral (same front and rear together)
2 beat gait
swaying left and right
51
what is a gallop?
asymmetrical
four beat gait
left or right lead
52
what is a canter?
3 beat gait
left or right lead
rocking motion
53
what is a rack?
snappy four beat gait
joints are highly flexed
54
what is a running walk?
symmetrical
four-beat gait
faster than walk
move with a gliding motion
55
what is unique about the horses upper respiratory system?
the outer cartilage ring can expand allowing for increased airflow
56
what is unique about the horses teeth?
upper and lower incisors for prehension of food and useful for aging horses
57
what is the wall of the hoof?
outer portion of the hoof
adult hooves grow 1/4-1/2 inches per month
58
what part of the hoof does not contact the ground?
sole
59
what parts of the hoof bears weight?
wall, bars and frog
60
what is unsoundness?
any defect that interferes with the usefulness of a horse
(injury or improper feeding, inherited)
61
what is a blemish?
defect that detracts from the appearance of a horse but does not interfere with its usefulness
62
what does a foals teeth look like?
24 milk teeth- 12 incisors and 12 molars
wear from center to outer
63
what does a 2 year old's teeth look like?
all baby teeth but very worn
64
what does a three year old's teeth look like?
4 permanent teeth
65
what does a 4 year old's teeth look like?
8 permanent teeth
66
what does a 5 year old's teeth look like?
full mouth
67
what does a 12 year old's teeth look like?
Galvayne's groove present
68
what does a 15 year old's teeth look like?
Galvayne's groove 1/2 way down the tooth
69
what does a 20 year old's teeth look like?
Galvayne's groove all the away down tooth
70
what kind of intestinal tract do horses have?
non ruminant herbivores
hindgut fermenters
small stomach
71
what can horses not do if there is an ingesting poison?
throw up
72
what do horses not have in their tract?
a gall bladder making digesting fats harder
