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BI374 Final > Host-microbe interactions > Flashcards

Host-microbe interactions Flashcards

1
Q

define human host

A
  • provides favourable environment for growth of many organisms
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2
Q

Why is growth optimal in human host?

A
  • high nutrients
  • protection from UV exposure
  • pH varies (neutral in colon)
  • consistent temp
  • lots of oxygen
  • moist
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3
Q

What are the different pHs in the body?

A
  • stomach: 2-4
  • intestine: 4-6
  • colon: 7
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4
Q

Where in the human body do higher populations of microorganisms exist?

A
  • regions more continuously exposed to external environment
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5
Q

What provides the initial site of contact?

A
  • mucous membranes
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6
Q

What does saliva do?

A
  • lysozyme attacks cell wall
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7
Q

What are mucous membranes needed for?

A
  • cell protection and nutrition transfer in tissue layers
  • lysozymes keep things under control
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8
Q

What parts of the body need to be sterile?

A

eyes and organs

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9
Q

What is flora?

A
  • microorganisms that establish more or less permanent residence that DO NOT cause disease under NORMAL conditions
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10
Q

What causes disease from flora?

A
  • overabundance of bacteria
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11
Q

What is transient microbiota? where would you find it?

A
  • microorganisms present for several days/weeks/months then disappear
  • hospital
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12
Q

What is the condition for a fetus in the womb vs vaginal birth? what about C section?

A
  • sterile in womb
  • bacteria as soon as it exits vagina
  • no bacteria for C section but as soon as they feed
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13
Q

What is a pathogen?

A
  • microorganism that causes damage to host (disease)
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14
Q

What is an infection?

A
  • invasion/colonization of body by pathogenic microorganisms
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15
Q

What is disease?

A
  • infection causes change in state of health (damage/injury to host impairing function)
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16
Q

What is the difference between pathogen and disease

A
  • pathogen causes damage to host
17
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A
  • ability of pathogen to cause damage to host (cause disease) by overcoming host defences
18
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

A
  • certain amount of opportunity required
    -ex. salmonella must have certain amount to cause food poisoning
19
Q

What is a strict pathogen?

A
  • will always cause disease, just must be exposed to host
20
Q

What is virulence? give an example

A
  • measure of degree of pathogenicity
    -ex. salmonella —> needed in thousands, shigella –> 100s
21
Q

What is commensalism

A
  • type of symbiosis (living together) where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+, neutral)
22
Q

What is mutualism?

A
  • both organisms benefit (+ +)
23
Q

What is parasitism?

A
  • one organism benefits at expense of other (+, -)
24
Q

What is microbial antagonism?

A
  • competition among microbes where members of normal pop provide competition for potential invading pathogens = protect host
25
Q

What is conjuctiva?

A
  • membrane around eyes/gums (sterile)
26
Q

Opportunistic microorganisms ___ ____ cause disease in normal habitat in healthy person, but may in ____ _____.

A
  • do not
  • different environment
27
Q

Give an example of when opportunistic bacteria are healthy vs problematic

A
  • healthy in GI, cause problems in vaginal tract
28
Q

What does the outcome of host-microbe relationship depend on?

A
  • pathogenicity of the microorganism
  • host condition (resistance/susceptibility)
29
Q

What are the 4 rules for the application of Koch’s postulates?

A
  • same pathogen must be present in every case of disease
  • pathogen must be isolated from diseased host and grown in pure culture
  • pathogen from pure culture must cause disease when inoculated to healthy lab animal
  • pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animal and shown to the original organism
30
Q

Simplify the application of Koch’s postualtes

A
  • pulled out of host, make pure culture, must get same response from healthy organism
31
Q

Not everything is culturable, why?

A
  • can’t replicate the environment
32
Q

What is the problem with Koch’s postulates?

A
  • some microorganisms can cause more than 1 disease
  • some hosts obtain more than 1 disease from pathogen

BI374 Final (12 decks)

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