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APC > Housing Strategy and Provision > Flashcards

Housing Strategy and Provision Flashcards

1
Q

What is a SHMA? What does it do?

A

Strategic Housing Market Assessment.

Assessment of future housing need. Doesn’t tell you how many houses to build, but an idea of future housing need.

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2
Q

Who makes SHMA and how are they used?

A

Local councils, used to inform local plans.

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3
Q

How is a SHMA calculated?

A

Has been removed from NPPF. Now states the Standard Method should be used.

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4
Q

What is the Standard Method and how is it used?

A

Set a baseline using 2014 growth projections
Adjust for affordability
This figure is then required. However, if the average provision is too high vs existing policies, it can be capped at 40% above

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5
Q

What is a SHLAA? What does it do?

A

Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment. Required under NPPF

Assessment of land available for development and the availability, suitability, and deliverability of housing on that land.

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6
Q

How are SHLAAs used?

A

Not used to allocate site for development, only identify them.
Used to help identify how much housing could be delivered in 1-5, 5-10 (and 11-15 if possible) years

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7
Q

What is PTAL?

A

Public Transport Accessibility Level

Measure of connectivity of an area by public transport (i.e. not car)

Ranges from 0-6 (including 6a and 6b)

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8
Q

What is PTAL used for?

A

Understand the level of:

  • Parking
  • Impact of development
  • Benefit of public transport improvements
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9
Q

How is PTAL used?

A
  • Areas with high PTAL are suitable for more dense development
  • Places with lower PETAL ratings require more parking / less dense development
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10
Q

What is the London Plan Density Mix?

A

A matrix showing the number or habitable rooms and units per hectare depending on the PTAL level.

Has been removed from the new london plan - seen as an output and not an input

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11
Q

Do London Boroughs need SHMA / SHLAA?

A

No - they are supposed to use the London Plan guidelines which use a 2017 assessment.

Controversial so some local authorities do their own

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12
Q

What does the London Plan cover?

A

All 32 boroughs

  • Transport
  • Environment
  • Economic Development
  • Housing
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13
Q

What are the key points of the 2016 London Plan?

A
  • 42,000 homes required
  • Has the density matrix
  • Minimum space standards
  • Affordable housing provisions - aim for 35%
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14
Q

What are the Affordable housing provision under the 2016 London Plan?

A

Social and Affordable Rent

  • £80k income
  • Aim for 35% minimum AH
  • Doesn’t prescribe! Borough choice
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15
Q

What are affordable housing provisions under the new london plan?

A

London Living and Affordable Rent

  • £60k income
  • Aim for 50% min, minimum of 35%
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16
Q

What has changed in the new London plan?

A

1) Removal of density matrix
2) LLR and LAR introduced
3) Uses 2017 SHMA = 66k homes

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17
Q

What is the London Plan’s housing target?

A

Uses 2017 SHMA = 66,000 new homes

Aim for 50% affordable, min 35%

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18
Q

Do all sites need a minimum of 35% AH under the new London plan?

A

No, public sector land must be 50%. Private must be min 35%.
If it is, then you don’t need a viability assessment

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19
Q

What if you provide over 50% AH?

A

Can get grant

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20
Q

If a local plan doesnt state something, what happens?

A

If silent/out of date, planning should be granted unless LPA can demonstrate why not

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21
Q

How has the NPPF sped up planning?

A

Pre-planning discussions
Has to be kept up to date
Proposed schemes in line with the local plan should be approved without delay

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22
Q

What key measures were introduced in the 2018 NPPF?

A

1) Housing delivery tests
2) Removal of SHMAs (Standard method instead)
3) Review of land banking -> LPA set 2 year timeframe on planning if developer always landbank
4) Encouragement of BTR
5) 5 Year land supply needed
6) No viability test if meets local plan

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23
Q

What are housing delivery tests?

A

Measure of homes needed against homes delivered over a 3 year period
Published annually

24
Q

What happens if you fail a housing delivery test?

A

95% = Action plan on how to address shortfall
85% = find additional 20% buffer of land to build on
25% (rising to 75% in 2021) = approve unless specific reasons in local plan not to

25
Q

Whats the difference between deliverable and developable?

A 
Deliverable = deliver homes in 5 years 
Developable = developed in future 6-15 years
26
Q

What are the changed in MCIL?

A

MCIL 1 introduced in 2012 - Max £50/sqm GIA
MCIL 2 introduced April 2019 - Max £80/sqm GIA
Used to fund Crossrail

27
Q

What is the difference between CIL and s106?

A

CIL - rate charged by LA, used for local infrastructure

s106 - site specific, used to mitigate/compensate for development

28
Q

Who is exempt from MCIL?

A

Self built homes
Affordable housing
Under 100sqm (unless creating new dwellings)

29
Q

What introduced s106 and CIL?

A

s106: Town and Country Planning Act 1990
CIL: Planning Act 2008

30
Q

What planning policies were in place in your case study?

A

1) Local plan under review, publication due late 2020
2) AH SPG: 45% AH on sites target
3) SHMA: 514 pa 2013-2036
4) Site allocation doc 2014: site is deliverable
5) Action plan (Aug 19): scored 67% in Housing Delivery Test

31
Q

How do you know if LA’s deliver enough housing?

A

Housing deliver tests

Annual Monitoring report

32
Q

What is in an annual monitoring report?

A

Update of progress made in developing planning policies

  • Are policies working?
  • Are there unintended impacts of policies?
  • Are targets being met?
33
Q

Whats new in the new london plan?

A

1) Still under review so not confirmed yet
2) Focus on LLR and LAR (£60k)
3) Aim for 50% AH, min 35%
4) 2017 SHMA = 66,000 homes PA, 65% AH
5) 2017 SHLAA = 40,000 homes on large sites (0.25 hectares), 25,000 on small sites
6) No density matrix

34
Q

What is the housing white paper?

A

1) 300,000 new homes per annum target
2) New PD Rights to add 2 storeys
3) LPAs must have up to date local plan by 2023
4) Continue with plans to raise Housing Delivery Test levels to 75%

35
Q

What is the purpose of the NPPF?

A

Governments strategic vision for development of England

36
Q

What types of affordable housing are there?

A

1) Intermediate rent - between affordable and social rent
2) Affordable rent - 80% MR, housing register
3) Social rent - Housing benefit
4) DMR - form of intermediate rent that doesnt need to be held by an RP (developer keeps freehold)

37
Q

What affordable housing tenures are there in London

A

London Plan 2016: Social and Affordable Rent (£80k income)

London plan 2018: LLR / LAR (£60k income)

38
Q

What does a presumption in favour of sustainable development mean?

A

1) Decision making: positively seek opportunities for development; be flexible; provide for OAN
2) Decision taking: Approve plans meeting local plans; if there are no plan, approve unless protected area/clearly negative impacts

39
Q

Main differences between 2012 and 2018 NPPF?

A

1) Introduced housing delivery tests
2) Removal of SHMA -> Standard Method instead
3) No viability assessment if meets plan requirements
4) Encouragement of BTR
5) LPA review landbanking records, can enforce 2 year planning expiration
6) identify 5 year housing supply

40
Q

What does a high PTAL mean?

A

short walk to station/stops
waiting times are low
more services pass by that station/stop
major rail stations nearby

41
Q

How has Covid impact housing demand and supply?

A

1) Gov advising councils to consider delaying s106 obligations to prevent sites stalling
2) Mortgage products being removed form the market
3) Sites not forced to close, but many have - impact on supply
4) Uncertainty = people less inclined to make large decisions and wait and see

42
Q

Biggest issue in housing today?

A

1) nothing is affordable
2) planning is slow
3) construction sector lacks innovation

43
Q

What is LLR and LAR?

A

Homes for Londoners 2016-21

LLR:

  • rent set at local level
  • £60k income cap
  • Idea is to save up and buy

LAR:

  • Rent set by GLA
  • More expensive that social rent but less than 80% MR
44
Q

What affordable types are there?

A

Social rent - housing register
LAR - Social rent for london, GLA rent cap
Affordable rent - 80% mv or LHA cap
Intermediate rent - £60k incomes, Homes for Londoners guidance has max rent at £323 pw (70% of net income). Includes DMR.
LLR - £60k cap, set on a ward level. Save to buy.

45
Q

Where do SHMAs get their info from?

A

Surveys
Census data
Market indicators
Housing providers/developer info

46
Q

How does past use impact CIL?

A

If in 6 months or more continual use over past 3 years, don’t pay CIL on the sq m of that previous building

47
Q

What is OAN?

A

Objectively Assessed Need

“Need as demand” - a measure of future housing demand

48
Q

How do you use the standard method?

A

Baseline of 2014 growth projections
Adjust for affordable housing
Cap at 40% above previous target

49
Q

What are some of the 2018 - 2019 NPPF Changes?

A

Minor points

  • Presumption in favour of sustainable development does not apply if habitats on site
  • Reinforces need to use the 2014 base for standard method
50
Q

When have you had regard to the NPPF?

A

Informs all local planning policy.
Requires local plans = london plan
Identify land supply = subject site of case study

51
Q

When have you had regard to a SHMA?

A

Case study - 2016 SHMA
Has lots of detail on local housing need, policy and projections
OAN for 3 rivers as 514 from 2013 to 2036

52
Q

When have you had regard to a PPG?

A

Build to Rent PPG

  • Should be promoted to diversify housing stock
  • DMR at 80% MR should be provided
53
Q

When have you had regard to a SPG?

A

3 Rivers Site allocated document 2014

Identifies the site as deliverable ie within next 5 years

54
Q

When have you had regard to the London Plan?

A

Nine Elms consultancy

  • Density matrix and PTAL
  • Minimum space standards
55
Q

What are the different levels of planning policy?

A 
NPPF 
PPG - planning practice guidance
Local Plans
Area Action Plans 
SPGs
56
Q

What was in the three rivers area action plan?

A

1) Review of CIL schedule for 2020/21
2) Speed up approvals
3) Seek JVs with developer
4) Look to develop council owned land
5) Speak to developers on how to help speed up permissions and building

APC (17 decks)

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