how are places created through placemaking processes

Question 1

role of governmnets in placemaking

Answer 1

• 60-80% of modern data now has a geographical location
• the rise of GIS (geograpohic info systems) helps govs use geography to infrom policy and service delivery

Question 2

FDI

Answer 2

• foreign direct investment (investment by TNCs across boarders
• boosts economic development
• eg Barclays, Shell, Sony
• 60% of FDI is in AC
• but patterns are changing and some EDCs/LIDCs now export FDI
• eg - Tata Motors in India owns Jaguar Land Rovers UK

Question 3

how do planners and architects make places

Answer 3

planners
- use local plans to shape: housing, transport, employment zones, parks
architects
- design buildings and public spaces
- inforces local culture, history and comnity identity

Question 4

24 hour cities

Answer 4

• when activity occurs throughout day and night
• day time: offices, shops, services
• night: bars, clubs, late transport
• evening: theatres, restaurants, cinema
• eg - berlin, madrid, nyc, paris

Question 5

example of 24 hour city - LONDON

Answer 5

Between 1999–2013, night bus use doubled, and passenger numbers tripled.

By 2016, London ran 72 bus routes 24/7, serving 2.3 million nightly journeys.

Five Tube lines began 24-hour weekend service in 2015.

Restaurants: Over 5000 open past midnight.

Licensing: ~250 bars/pubs in the City open till midnight or later.

Question 6

digital placemaking

Answer 6

• using social media to encourage community participation, sharing ideas on planning and development, connect people to places

Question 7

why do places rebrand

Answer 7

• brand = how ppl percieve or experience places
• brands include objective features (location, economic activity) and subjective aspects ( safety, image, atmosphere)

Question 8

3 key elements of rebranding

Answer 8

1. brand artefact - physical environment
   - reuse create or remove parts of built environment eg landmarks, buildings
2. brand essence - ppls experience of place
   - living, working, visiting, talking about
3. brandscape - comparision with other places
   - local, regional, national, international

Question 9

rebranding strategies

Answer 9

1. market-led –> private sector investors, targets higher-income groups eg London Docklands
2. Top-down –> gov led regeneration, large scale investment, partnered with TNCs
3. Flagship development –> one project to drive grwoth
4. legacy projects –> focus on long term impact after an event eg 2012 London olympics
5. events or themes –> hosting festivals or cultural events to change percpetions

Question 10

negatives to rebranding

Answer 10

1. change the character of place –> displace locals, businesses, traditions, ‘loses authenticiy’
2. favours one group over another –> often benefits middle class professionals and proerty developers
3. differences in priorities –> developers, local authorities and residents may have dif aims
4. opposition from residents –> projects face protests if residents feel exculded from process or their needs r ignored