How are we all different?

Question 1

What is Mendels Law of segregation?

Answer 1

When gametes form, alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
Law of segregation occurs when one chromosome goes into each cell, allele separated, only going to get one from each parent

Question 2

What is Mendels Law of independent assortment?

Answer 2

Segregation of alleles for one gene occurs independently to that of any other gene

Question 3

What is Mendels Law of dominance?

Answer 3

Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele

Question 4

What is an allele?

Answer 4

An allele is an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at the same place on a chromosome
Scattered throughout DNA there are differences between you and someone else, it is the differences that make you unique

Question 5

What is recombination?

Answer 5

Provides more variation of DNA, more chance alleles will be segregated independently. Genes are shuffled and recombined to increase genetic variation
Results in a combination of traits from each parent

Question 6

Exception to mendels law of independent assortment

Answer 6

Exception to this law is when two genes are close together on a chromosome hence recombination is not as likely to occur and the genes are inherited together - genetic linkage

Question 7

What is a Heterozygous recessive mutation?

Answer 7

Inherit one dominant allele and one recessive allele (mutated gene causing protein to stop working), gene will very likely still function due to inheriting dominant functional allele (pathway is still catalysed producing final result)

Question 8

What is a Homozygous recessive mutation?

Answer 8

Inherit two recessive alleles, both mutated genes that cause protein to stop working, gene will very likely stop working and will not function (pathway is stopped, final result not produced resulting in accumulation of non-functional protein)

Question 9

Why are we all different?

Answer 9

We inherit a unique combination of alleles from our parents. DNA of any two people is about 99.4% identical, differs at about 20 million places, 5% of these differences might affect how our genes function
Environment also determines how some of these genetic differences affect us