How do different species influence each others

Question 1

Female Carpel (girl part of the flower):

Answer 1

-Stigma: sticky so it can catch the pollen

-Style: the stock that holds the stigma up

-Ovary: contains ovule(s)

Question 2

Male Stamen (boy part of the flower)

Answer 2

-Anther: produces pollen (yellow part at the tip)

-Filament: holds the anther up

-Pollen: fine powder produced by plants (it divides to produce sperm)

Question 3

pollination

Answer 3

Movement of pollen from anther to stigma

Question 4

Double fertilization:

Answer 4

-Zygote: develops from fertilized ovule

-Endosperm: made of starch (stored sugar)…used to give plants energy before photosynthesis

Question 5

After Double Fertilization:

Answer 5

Ovary → fruit
Ovule → seed

Question 6

Ethylene

Answer 6

causes faster ripening of fruit

Question 7

Seed germination

Answer 7

1.Water absorption(water on seed)

2.Endosperm used to fuel underground growth (seed gets bigger)

3.Embryonic root-radicle(seed forms a radical…”breaks”)

4.Shoot grows up to find light (seed grows root and grow out to reach the sun)

Question 8

floral syndrome

Answer 8

plant incest

Question 9

Organismal interaction (Mutualism)

Answer 9

The different interactions between species living in the same ecosystem

Question 10

Avoiding Predation

Answer 10

-mechanical defense
-chemical defense
- physical defense
- behavioral defense
-mimicry

Question 11

Mechanical defense

Answer 11

discourage predators/herbivores by inflicting physical pain (ex; thorns) or making it difficult to eat prey (ex. Turtle shell)

Question 12

Chemical defense

Answer 12

produce toxic chemicals (skunk)

Question 13

Physical defense

Answer 13

camouflage, bright color, warn predators of toxicity

Question 14

Behavioral defense:

Answer 14

animal playing dead

Question 15

mimicry

Answer 15

ne thing that’s not harmful mimics something that is harmful

Question 16

competitive exclusion

Answer 16

2 species that can’t coexist in a community is they are competing for the same resources

Question 17

Keystone Species

Answer 17

-Species that have a disproportionate effect on maintaining the biodiversity of an ecosystem

-When a keystone species is removed from an ecosystem, the level of biodiversity plummets (falls)

Question 18

trophic cascade

Answer 18

A ecological process which starts at the top of the food chain and tumbles all the way down to the bottom (if you remove the apex predator, it affects the population/species that it eats)

Question 19

Competition (interspecific interactions)

Answer 19

• (-/-)
  -2 animals going for the same resources

Question 20

mutualism (interspecific interactions)

Answer 20

-(+/+)
-Both species benefit from each other (ex; bee and flower)

Question 21

predation (interspecific interactions)

Answer 21

• (+/-)
  -One animal eats the other (coyote eating bunny)

Question 22

herbivory (interspecific interactions)

Answer 22

-(0/-)
- grass is being eaten by carnivore

Question 23

Parasitism(interspecific interactions)

Answer 23

• (+/-)
  -: parasite benefits from host (ex; tapeworm)

Question 24

Commensalism (Interspecific interactions)

Answer 24

-(+/0)
- one benefits, the other is unaffected (bird living in a tree)

Question 25

trophic levels

Answer 25

Producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer → apex (tertiary) consumer

Question 26

food chain

Answer 26

A linear sequence of organism through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eat another

Question 27

food web

Answer 27

-Feeding interactions between each species and the many species it might feed on or that might feed on it -shows more energy flow and interactions compared to a food chain

Question 28

biodiversity importance

Answer 28

-Species are interconnected -If you lose biodiversity you lose species

Question 29

Biomagnification

Answer 29

-Foods being high in mercury…make you watch the food you eat (specifically fish) Higher up the food chain, there is more toxins -ex. lil fish with toxins, the shark eating a lot of lil fish

Question 30

Human Population Growth

Answer 30

-Growing exponentially -If population gets too high, resources will decrease

Question 31

human growth consequences

Answer 31

-Insufficient resources -Unequal distribution of resources -Starvation -Rapid spread of disease -Less effective sanitation -Declining life expectancy

Question 32

human growth solution:

Answer 32

-Reduce your ecological/carbon footprint -Use birth control and plan your family -Freely available birth control -Education for everyone, especially girls