How do we obtain energy and nutrients and distribute them throughout our bodies (exam 3) Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are fats?
they are all hydrophobic
Types of fats
- Saturated (single bond)
- Unsaturated (double bond)
- Triglycerides
- phospholipids
- Cholesterol
Which is better, trans fats or cis fats?
Cis Fats are better because Trans fats are lab made (meaning they are foreign to our bodies) and its harder for us to digest them
Which fats contribute to heart disease?
- Saturated Fats
- Triglycerides
- Trans fats
- cholesterol
which fat is needed for reproduction?
Cholesterol
What chemical breaks down Fats?
bile (made in the liver, stored in gallbladder, goes into small intestine)
What is protein?
-Repeated amino acid units
- the are digested in the small intestine and the stomach
what chemical breaks down protein?
pepsin, gastric juice, and chyme(it plays a small role)
where are carbs digested?
In the mouth
What are carbs made of?
repeated simple sugar units (ex of carbs: glucose, fructose, sucralose)
Digestive System
- Physical/mechanical Digestion :mashing and breaking food into smaller chunks (e.g, mastication
- Chemical Digestion(enzymatic digestion): enzymes break subunits off the the macromolecule via chemical reactions
- Absorption: digested nutrients move from the digestive system(small intestine) into the blood so they can be transported to cells around the body
- Re-absorbing water from undigested food
Where does chemical digestion take place?
the stomach
Where does mechanical/physical digestion take place?
the mouth (mastication)
where does absorption take place?
small intestine
what causes type 2 diabetes and how can it be prevented?
- Caused by a high sugary diet
- prevent by having a low-sugar diet, maintain healthy weight, exercise at least 30 min/day
components of a low sugar diet
- Eat fruit instead of drinking fruit juice because fibers are taken out when juice is made
- whole grain bread and pasta, avoid “enriched” flour (all the fiber was removed from the seed; outer layer)
- Beware of hidden sugars in “diet” foods(more sugar is added to “diet” foods)
What are the health consequences of obesity?
- heart disease
- type 2 diabetes
- stroke
-cancer
What is the structure and function of digestive system?
- Starts in mouth
- Chews
- pharynx (after you swallow, where the food pass through)
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine (liver, gall bladder, pancreas)
- large intestine
- rectum
- Anus
What does the pancreas do?
- creates pancreatic juice and insulin.
-pancreatic juice goes to the small intestine
order of the respiratory system
- diaphragm
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- trachea
- Bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli (air sacks that help with gas exchange)
Circulatory System
- upper and lower vena cava
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulmonary artery (then goes to you lungs and becomes oxygenized)
- then to pulmonary vein
- left atrium
- left ventricle
- then goes to your Aorta
What is the function of gas exchange related to cellular respiration?
oxygen to carbon (inhale oxygen, exhale carbon)…plants do it too
What causes heart disease?
obesity…atherosclerosis(build up of fatty deposits)
fatty deposits= cholesterol
overall cholesterol is the main cause
heart disease consequence…
- stroke
- heart attack
- death
