How secure was USSR's control over East EU?

Question 1

Berlin wall

Answer 1

1949-1961

Question 2

Why was the wall put up?

Answer 2

• 2 and 1/2 mill left east GER to the west- comms worried bc couldn’t afford to lose lots of people

Question 3

When was the acc wall constructed

• what was it
• what did it acheive

Answer 3

13th august 1961

• 30 mile barrier separated east and west
• no one could leave - escapees shot

Question 4

Why would’ve the east been attracted to the west?

Answer 4

• full shops
• democracy
• higher quality of life

Question 5

Why did president kenn allow the wall?

Answer 5

• to avoid war

Question 6

What were the reasons for the uprising in Hungary (9)

Answer 6

• conc camp threat
• people classed
• food shortages ( livestock and crops to USSR)
• communist rule - 1 party state democ wanted
• lower quality of life
• indoctrination
• wanted soviet troops removed
• oppression
• jelousy of west

Question 7

When was the uprising in Hungary

Answer 7

october 1956

Question 8

What were the rebels aims?

Answer 8

• democracy

- losen soviet control

Question 9

Why did the soviets intervene?

Answer 9

• hungary wanted to leave warsaw pact - going against comm

- wanted to gain control

Question 10

Who became prime minister and what happedd

Answer 10

Nagye ( liberal)

- free elections

Question 11

Was was nagye arrested and Janos kadar was ensured loyalty to Russia

Answer 11

• November 4th 1956

Question 12

On november 4th 1956 what else happened?

Answer 12

• 200,000 troops and 4000 tanks entered hungary

- 20,000 were killed or wounded

Question 13

Why was there opposition in Czechoslavakia in 1968? (6)

Answer 13

• Dubeck wanted socialism with a human face
• brutal oppression
• opposition were intellects
• censorship was eased to attack comm leaders
• wanted warsaw pact just wanted to loosen communism
• wanted increased living standard

Question 14

What was different in hungary then czech

Answer 14

• czech just wanted a loser comm system where as in hungary wanted to get rid of comm all together and leave warsaw pact

Question 15

Why did the societies intervene

Answer 15

• Fear czech would demand freedom

- they were suspicious bc czech had the best industry and was central- fear ideas would spread out

Question 16

When did soviet tanks move into czehc?

Answer 16

• 20th aug 1968

Question 17

How many tanks moved in and what happened to dubeck

Answer 17

500,000 troops invaded and dubeck was out of power

Question 18

What was the results of Tanks

Answer 18

• refused to co-operate
• zebeck out of POW
• More resentment 2wards RSA
• Brenchev doctrine

Question 19

What was brenchev doctrine?

Answer 19

• one party state

- warsaw pact

Question 20

what changes occurred by dubeck before soviet intervention

Answer 20

• travel to west for all
• free elections
• increased living standards
• opposition permitted

Question 21

when did solidarity in poland take place?

Answer 21

July 1980

Question 22

What did the government do in poland in July 1980

Answer 22

raised meat prices

Question 23

What happened in Gdansk Shipyeard and when? - who was the leader?

Answer 23

• august 1980

- led by lech wale sea workers put forward 21 demands to gov…started trade union called solidarity

Question 24

What were some of the demands the workers wanted?

Answer 24

• right to strike
• more pay
• end censorship
• free trade unions

Question 25

when did the governments agree to demands

Answer 25

- 30th august 1980

Question 26

By september how many members did solitary have?

Answer 26

3.5 million

Question 27

By october how many members did solidariy have and what did it lead to

Answer 27

- 7 mill it was recognised by the government

Question 28

By jan '81

Answer 28

9.4 mill - 1/3 of all workers were

Question 29

What were 7 reasons solidarity succeed

Answer 29

gov playing for time - membership increased quickly - support of cath church - Union was popular - Lech walsea careful - Early stages had originally not been seen as alternative 2 comm - shipindustry was the strongest and was important to gov

Question 30

why was comm not an alternative to comm

Answer 30

bc 30% comm joined

Question 31

What were the reasons for crushing solidarity

Answer 31

- acting as a political party - poland sinking in 2 chaos - solidarity tumbling into chaos

Question 32

When did comm have control by?

Answer 32

- december 1981

Question 33

What was the significance of solidarity

Answer 33

- highlighted failure of comm - ineffiecency/ corruption of comm - threatened by people power - orgs capable of resisting comm gov - undermined claim that comm benefitted normal people

Question 34

When did Gorbachev become leader of soviet Union

Answer 34

1985

Question 35

How was gorbachev a realist?

Answer 35

- Econ was weak | - 2 much money was spend of arms race + afghan war

Question 36

What were two of gorbachevs main policies?

Answer 36

- We won't intervene | - you have to reform

Question 37

1 statement for gorb- We won't intervene

Answer 37

- countries in Eu responsible for their own fates | - peeps thought he was insane and didn't believe them

Question 38

whats one statement for gorb- You have to reform

Answer 38

- Countreis need to reform - Comm system could provide health care and education and transport - renew comm

Question 39

What did the reforms include

Answer 39

Glasonet which was the policy of honesty and dealing with problems - Perestroika in 1987 ( programme allowed market forces 2 be introduced into sov u

Question 40

How did defence spending cut?

Answer 40

red army shrunk

Question 41

How were international relations improved for Sov u

Answer 41

- withdrew form afghan - plus there was talk of international trust and co operation - US and USSR relations improved

Question 42

What were problems in 6

Answer 42

- low qual of life - opp from hardliners - alcholoism - bad work standard - poor econ cond - no new ideas

Question 43

What did the red army state in March 1989

Answer 43

-that they won't intervene

Question 44

When was barbed wire dismantled bet countries and which countries?

Answer 44

- May 1989 | - barbed wire dismantled bet ween hungary and non comm aux

Question 45

When did poland have free elections and what was the outcome

Answer 45

- June 1989 | - Solidarity won- non comm Lech

Question 46

What happened september 1989

Answer 46

- demonstrations in east germany and the soviet tanks would not restore order

Question 47

November 1989

Answer 47

berlin wall was dismantled and the chzech opened bordered with west

Question 48

December 1989 (3)

Answer 48

- Romania - there was a revolution and Comm dictator executed - Hungary - free elections in 1990 - bulgaria- demonstrations against comm gov

Question 49

When did latvia become independent from USSR

Answer 49

march 1990

Question 50

What did people power achieve

Answer 50

- comm controlled toppled

Question 51

when was her reunified

Answer 51

- 3rd octber 1990

Question 52

When was lithuania, azerbaijan became independent

Answer 52

-march 1990

Question 53

What did the russian president state in may 1990

Answer 53

that no future for soviet union and it should become an independent state

Question 54

When was ukraine independent

Answer 54

july 1990

Question 55

What happened in August 1991

Answer 55

- hardliners attempted coup - gorbachev kept prisoner - tanks and troops moved through moscow

Question 56

When was the end of Soviet union?

Answer 56

25th december 1991