HPA

Question 1

Corticotroph cells product and target organ

Answer 1

ACTH
adrenal glands
adipocytes
melanocytes

Question 2

thyrotroph cells product and target organ

Answer 2

TSH
Thyroid gland

Question 3

Gonadotroph cells product and target organ

Answer 3

LH, FSH
gonads

Question 4

somatotroph cells products and target organ

Answer 4

all tissues
liver

Question 5

lactotrophs prodcut and target organ

Answer 5

PRL
mammary gland

Question 6

growth hormone

Answer 6

stimulates growth of skeletal epiphyseal plates and body to synthesize protein.

Question 7

Precursor of GH is

Answer 7

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) from the hypothalamus.

Question 8

what increases levels of GH?

Answer 8

energy deficient states like starvation, protein deficiency, hypoglycemia, low free fatty acid levels

Question 9

indirect anabolic effect of GH

Answer 9

Acts on the liver to cause Insulin Growth Factor

Question 10

Direct catabolic effect of GH

Answer 10

Hyperglycemia and lipolysis.

Question 11

Fxns. of GH

Answer 11

Carbohydrate metabolism
Fat Metabolism
Protein metabolism

Question 12

GH defficiency

Answer 12

dwarfism
acromegaly

Question 13

Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates

Answer 13

adrenal cortex and secretion of glucocorticoids

Question 14

Cortisol is a

Answer 14

glucocorticoid

Question 15

ACTH is secreted from the anterior pituitary in response to

Answer 15

corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus

Question 16

CRH or corticotropin is released in response to

Answer 16

stress

Question 17

CRH is inhibited by

Answer 17

glucocorticoids, part of a negative feedback loop

Question 18

ACTH acts on

Answer 18

steriodogenic tissue of the adrenal glands affecting carbohydrate and mineral metabolism

Question 19

Each adrenal gland is separated in 2 parts

Answer 19

adrenal cortex - outer
adrenal medulla - inner

Question 20

adrenal cortex secretes

Answer 20

corticosteroids

Question 21

corticosteroids are

Answer 21

lipid based steroid hormones

Question 22

corticosteroids are divided in 2 categories

Answer 22

mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids

Question 23

name a mineralcorticoid

Answer 23

aldosterone

Question 24

name a glucocorticoid

Answer 24

cortisol

Question 25

what does the adrenal medulla secrete ?

Answer 25

epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Question 26

fxn. of mineralcorticoids

Answer 26

Na+, K+ and water homeostasis in blood and extracellular fluid

Question 27

fxn. of glucocorticoids

Answer 27

Glucose homeostasis and many other function

Question 28

cortisol

Answer 28

helps body deal with stressful situations Regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic, and homeostatic functions, including water balance

Question 29

what happens to people that have adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 29

stress causes hypotension shock and death

Question 30

treatment for adrenal insufficiency

Answer 30

glucocorticoids supplementation

Question 31

Keeps blood glucose levels high enough to support brain’s activity Forces other body cells to switch to fats and amino acids as energy sources breaks down protein Redirects circulating lymphocytes to lymphoid and peripheral tissues

Answer 31

cortisol

Question 32

adrenal cortex charateristics

Answer 32

mainly glandular tissue site of corticosteroid synthesis

Question 33

t/f Large quantities of cortisol can depress the immune system and cause an inflammatory response

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Hormonal stimulation of glucocorticoids is mediated via the

Answer 34

HPA axis (hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis)

Question 35

Stress response steps

Answer 35

hypothalamus sends CRH to adenohypophysis adenohypophysis secretes ACTH ACTH is carried through blood stream to adrenal cortex and stimulates glucocorticoid secretion

Question 36

t/f the SNS can also stimulate glucocorticoid secretion

Answer 36

true

Question 37

fxn. of dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA

Answer 37

secreted by adrenal cortex converted in peropheral tissues to testosterone and estrogen unclear function related to stress

Question 38

site of corticosteroid synthesis

Answer 38

adrenal cortex

Question 39

steroid hormones are not

Answer 39

stored in cells synthesis = secretion