HPB surgery

Question 1

what are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 1

1. severe abdominal pain with a penetrating quality
2. nausea and vomiting
3. rapid heart rate
4. fast shallow breathing
5. fever
6. indigestion and pain after eating
7. fatty stool that leave an oily film in the toilet
8. loss of appetite and unintentionaly weight loss

Question 2

what are the causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 2

1. infections that lead to inflammation
2. traumatic injury to the pancreas
3. gallstones
4. alcohol use
5. ischemia

Question 3

what are some complications of severe acute pancreatitis?

Answer 3

1. necrosis and septicemia
2. pancreatic pseudocysts
3. chronic pancreatitis

Question 4

what are some tests used to diagnose acute pancreatitis?

Answer 4

1. pancreas blood test
2. CT scan
3. MRI
4. glucose test
5. stool elastase test
6. fecal fat analysis

Question 5

what are some treatments for acute pancreatitis?

Answer 5

1. IV fluids
2. tube feeding or parenteral nutrition
3. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
4. gallbladder removal surgery
5. percutaneous fluid drainage and removal of necrotic tissue

Question 6

what are the symptoms of cholangitis?

Answer 6

1. upper right quadrant abdominal pain
2. fever
3. jaundice
4. pruritus
5. hepatic encephalopathy
6. fast heart rate
7. low blood pressure
8. biliary colic

Question 7

what are the causes of cholangitis?

Answer 7

1. infection from bacteria or a parasite
2. blockages such as gallstones, strictures and tumours
3. cholestasis
4. primary sclerosing cholangitis
5. primary biliary cholangitis

Question 8

what are some tests used to diagnose cholangitis?

Answer 8

1. complete blood count (CBC)
2. liver function tests
3. magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
4. abdominal ultrasound

Question 9

what are some treatments for cholangitis?

Answer 9

1. endoscopic biliary drainage
2. antihistamines
3. vitamin supplements
4. ursodeoxycholic acid
5. IV fluids
6. antibiotics

Question 10

what are some symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 10

1. fullness or a knot under your ribs on the right side
2. fullness under your tibs on the left side
3. jaundice
4. bloatedness
5. loss of appetite
6. unexplained weight loss
7. nausea and vomiting

Question 11

what are some causes of HCC?

Answer 11

1. hepatitis B
2. hepatitis C
3. metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
4. alcohol use disorder

Question 12

what are some tests used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 12

1. blood tests
2. CT scan
3. MRI
4. liver biopsy

Question 13

what are some treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 13

1. hepatectomy
2. liver transplant
3. ablation therapy
4. embolisation
5. radiation therapy
6. immunotherapy
7. targeted therapy