HPCT QUIZ 2ND Flashcards by Potato Patata

This section may be cut from tissues that have been
fixed and frozen with CO2 or for fresh tissues frozen
with a cryostat.
A. Celloidin section
B. Frozen section
C. Paraffin section
D. Gelatin section
E. NOTA

Frozen section

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Sections are not left on the water bath for a long time
due to:
A. To avoid undue expansion of the tissue
B. To avoid distortion of tissue
C. Both
D. NOTA

To avoid undue expansion of the tissue and to avoid distortion of the tissue
BOTH

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Select which among the ff is a common component
of an aqueous media together with its correct use
A. Glycerol-prevent cracking
B. Glycerin-prevent drying
C. Gum Arabic- increase Refractive Index
D. Sugar-solidify medium

Glycerol

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What is the specific pH used for Citric-Acid-Citrate
Buffer solution?

A. 4.5 - to neutralize and protect specimen from the
acidic component of solution

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It is a semi-translucent, ground glass or hyaline
substance made up of chondroitin
A. Fibrin
B. Fibrinoid
C. Hyalin
D. Amyloid

D. Amyloid

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Open muscle biopsies are usually received from the
operating room in a surgical clamp for orientation and
divided in three parts. What specific segment is fixed in
glutaraldehyde and is submitted for electron
microscopy?
A. Middle segment
B. Small segment
C. Large segment
D. Remaining segment
E. NOTA

B. Small segment

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This type of glial cell represents the major
supporting cells in the brain.
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia - major phagocytic cell
C. Myelin - insulating layer that modifies nerve
conduction
D. Ependymal cell - located in the line of ventricles of
the brain

A. Astrocytes

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Clearing is done by:
A. 10 dips in alcohol
B. Gradual run through decreasing concentration of
alcohol
C. 2 changes of xylol, 2 hours each
D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour

D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour

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Choose the answer with the correct association
between the difficulties encountered and its cause or the
fault that is made
A. Frozen tissue chips into fragments when cut;
freezing is not adequate
B. Frozen tissue crumbles and comes off the block
holder when cut; tissue is frozen too much
C. Tissue shrinks away from wax when trimmed;
insufficient infiltration
D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol;
insufficient clearing

D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol;
insufficient clearing

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Which of the ff will affect the speed of penetration of
the clearing agent?
A. Temperature
B. Viscosity
C. PH
D. AOTA

B. Viscosity

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This clearing agent can cause aplastic anemia
a. Benzene
b. Xylol
c. Toluene
d. Chloroform

a. Benzene

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Dirty knife edge can cause this fault

Sections roll up

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Sections adhere to knife or other parts of the microtome can be caused by? Except:

Knife edge is dirty
Knife edge is dull
Knife is too high
Knife tilt is too low

Knife tilt is too low

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Celloidin section does cut come off in ribbons

False

Do not come off in ribbons dapat

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Ultrathin microtome is widely known for cutting sections for electron microtome. What is the specific type of knives used in this type of microtome

Diamond knives

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Optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue cut from the microtome

45-50C

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For proper cutting, specific clearance angle must be used. Which of the ff angle is considered as the most effective

0-15 degrees

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Process in histotechnology involves trimming and cutting embedded tissues into uniformly thin slices or sections

Microtomy

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Kind of microtome that is ideal to use for unembedded frozen section

Freezing microtome

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Microtome for paraffin embedded tissue

Rocking microtome for large and rotary for small

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Microtome for celloidin sections

Sliding microtome

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There are certain safety measures in handling the microtome to avoid accidents. What safety measure could be done to avoid getting injured when changing blocks?

Use hand wheel lock

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What kind of microtome knife is used for cutting
resin blocks for electron microscopy?

Diamond knives

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Which of the ff are important measures that are needed to be performed after embedding the tissue blocks and solidifying the paraffin wax, except:

Take out both the thin and thick sections
Remove the wax Block from the mold
Note the identification number
Cut off the excess wax

Take out both the thin and thick sections

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Becomes milky when incomplete dehydration

Xylene

What factor should be met when doing the floatation of section

Water should be free from bubbles

Celloidin embedding is another technique besides paraffin embedding. Compared with paraffin embedding, what could be its advantage in tissue processing?

Completely avoids the use of heat

Possible reason why there is an uneven or unequal thickness of the sections produced a. Clamp set screw on knife or block holder is loose b. Blocks are too large c. Tilt of knife is too great d. Blocks are too hard e. AOTA f. NOTA

Tilt of knife is too great

Part of microtome where tissue is held in position

Block holder

Most dangerous type of microtome due to the movable exposed knife

Standard-sliding microtome

Biconcave and plane-concave knifes are both used for paraffin sections. THe less concave side of plane-concave knife is used for celloidin embedded tissue blocks

Both statement are correct Plane concave - celloidin Biconcave - paraffin -Glass and diamond knives - EM

The static electricity is due to low atmospheric humidity because of

Sections adhere to the knife Knife edge is dull Knife tilt is too great knife edge is dirty AOTA

A type of block-out mold that is made up of interlocking plates resting on flat metal base

Compound embedding unit Two L-Shaped brass arranged on a flat metal - Leuckhart's Special stainless steel base mold fitted with plastic - Plastic embedded rings and base mold

Apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy

Cryostat

Double embedding is done by infiltrating tissue with ____ then _____

Celloidin - paraffin

A process in which the edge of the coverslip is sealed

Ringing

Removal of gross nick on the knife edge to remove blemishes and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone

Honing - heel to toe Types of honing: Belgium yellow - Manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt Arkansas - Gives more polishing effect Fine carborundum - much coarser Stropping is removing the "burr" - toe to heel

Type of processing where impregnation can be performed involves wax impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure

Vacuum embedding

Method of staining that is responsible for the staining of living cells by INJECTING the dye into any part of the animal body

Intravital staining

Microtome should be covered when no one is using it to avoid accumulation of dust and dirt all over the machine which may interfere with the normal sectioning of tissue

True

Application of different color stain to provide contrast and background

Metachromic staining

Vegetable dye extracted from certain LICHENS which are normally colorless and is mainly used for staining elastic fibers

Orcein

Serves as a link or bridge between the tissue and the dye

Mordant

The blockholder moves the block holder either towards the knife or away from the knife

Coarse handwheel

Most common staining method utilized for microanatomical studies of tissues

H and E

Process by which an active coloring agent is formed by the oxidation of hematoxylin

Ripening

Substances with define atomic grouping and are capable of producing visible colors

Chromopores

A good regressive stain used in nuclear staining , in exfoliative cytology and for staining of sex chromosomes

Harris hematoxylin

Process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in section by direct interaction with a dye producing coloration of the active tissue component

Histological staining

Medium used for methylene blue-stained nerve preparation and as a general purpose aqueous mountant

Apathy's medium

Cant be used for the preparation of body cavity effusion except: 10% formalin 70% ethanol Sodium citrate Heparin

Heparin CANT BE USED FOR BODY CAVITY EFFUSION YUNG 10%F, 70% ETHANOL, and SODIUM CITRATE

Exfoliative cytology is recommended for the

Detection of precancerous cervical lesions

Papanicolau method uses the following stains except: Harris hematoxylin OG6 Eosin azure 60 AOTA

Eosin azure 60 EA-65 is used EA50 for gynecological

Papanicolaou method has the following advantages except: a. Excellent nuclear staining is identified b. Transparent pink staining of cytoplasm allows overlapping cells to be identified c. Color range is predictable and of great value in classification of cells d. Valuable in comparing cellular appearances in smears with their counterpart

b. Transparent pink staining of cytoplasm allows overlapping cells to be identified

It is the junction of endocervical mucosa where the majority of cervical carcinoma arises

T-zone (transformation zone)

Saccomano preservative is made up of: a. 95% alcohol b. 50% alcohol c. Ether d. Carbowax i. 1 and 2 ii. 2 and 4 iii. 1, 2 and 3 iv. 1 and 4

2 and 4 50% alcohol and Carbowax

BOAT shaped cells with FOLD ON EDGES

Navicular cells

Used for hormonal evaluation

Lateral vaginal scrape

All of the following are true about parabasal except: a. Round to oval cells b. 45-50 um c. Smaller than intermediate cells d. Found after menopause

45-50um Mature superficial cell yan 15-30 parabasal

True acidophilia is a characteristic of superficial vaginal cells under ___ influence

Estrogen ESPI -Estrogen = Superficial cells Progesterone = Intermediate cells

Which of the following is/ are true regarding periodic acid schiff? a. Produces a red magenta/ purplish pink color b. Intensity of reaction is directly proportional to the sugar content c. Specific for glycol/ glycol amino group d. Oxidizes 1,2 glycol group of polysaccharides and mucin

a. Produces a red magenta/ purplish pink color

Complex, water-soluble phtalocyanine dye used for acid mucopolysaccharide

Alcian blue

This method of staining bone is based on the deposition of thionin precipitate within the lacunae and bone canaliculi using 0.125% thionin.

Scmorl's spicro-thionin method

chief solvents used for stains

Ethyl alcohol and Phenol

Which of the following statements is true regarding sputum smear preparation? a. Obtain at least 2 consecutive morning sputum specimen b. Collect early morning sputum by a deep cough in a wide-mouthed jar containing 50% ethyl alcohol and 2% carbowax c. Absence of alveolar macrophages suggests unsatisfactory specimen d. Due to the hardening effect of alcohol, specimen fixed in said solution should be sent to the laboratory and smears should be made without delay

b. Collect early morning sputum by a deep cough in a wide-mouthed jar containing 50% ethyl alcohol and 2% carbowax c. Absence of alveolar macrophages suggests unsatisfactory specimen d. Due to the hardening effect of alcohol, specimen fixed in said solution should be sent to the laboratory and smears should be made without delay

Which of the following statements is false regarding smear preparation of breast secretion a. Cytologic examination of nipple discharge has an extremely low diagnostic yield for the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. b. Spontaneous nipple discharge is usually a result of hormonal imbalance in young patients, and when the secretion is bloody a benign intraductal papilloma should be considered clinically. c. The nipple discharge is usually due to a benign breast lesion such as duct ectasia and papilloma, or due to endocrine problems. d. Place the labeled slide upon the nipple and draw it quickly across the nipple. If more than a drop is collected, use another slide to smear with a spreading technique.. e. Secretions obtained from both breasts can be put in the same slide.

d. Place the labeled slide upon the nipple and draw it quickly across the nipple. If more than a drop is collected, use another slide to smear with a spreading technique.. e. Secretions obtained from both breasts can be put in the same slide.

Which of the following describes lysochromes a. Water soluble dyes b. Do not contain auxochrome c. Natural dye d. Strongly stains proteins e. AOTA

Does not contain auxochrome

It is an aqueous detergent, used for mounting sections, that is diluted in 1:10 distilled water a. poly-L-lysine b. Dried albumin c. Starch paste d. APES

a. poly-L-lysine

This is an acidic dye that stains a basic group of tissues, particularly basic proteins and histones a. Alkaline fast green b. Phosphates c. Gomori calcium method d. Peraceticalcian blue

Alkaline fast green

All of the following are stains used for collagen except: a. Van gieson’s stain b. Mallory’s stain c. Feulgen technique d. Azocarmine method

Feulgen technique

Which of the following statements are considered unsatisfactory for interpretation,and recommended for repeat collection of the cervicovaginal samples, except a. If there is an Inadequate number of parabasal cells b. If there is an adequate number of cells from the T-zone c. Specimen submitted is without a requisition d. Less than 50% of the cells obscures contain blood or inflammation cells and squamous e. Endocervical cells and squamous metaplastic cells are not seen

B and D

Staining method of choice for exfoliative cytology a. Giemsa stain b. Papanicolaou stain c. Romanowsky stain d. Wright-Giemsa stain

b. Papanicolaou stain

Cajal's Gold sublimate method is used for

Astrocytes

Which of the following materials are usually seen in the pap's smear of diabetic patient

YEAST

First sudan dye to be introduced into histochemistry

Sudan III

Which of the following involves the oxidation of methylene blue, resulting in loss of methyl group and leaving lower homologues of the dye and de aminized oxidation products. a. Accentuating b. Mordanting c. Blueing d. Polychroming

d. Polychroming

Which of the following stain the Cryptococcus neoformans a. Southgate mucicarmine techniques b. Levaditi's method c. Lendrum's method d. Orcein Method

Southgate mucicarmine techniques

The most Common aqueous mounting media used are the following EXCEPT: a. Water b. Farrant's Medium c. Glycerin d. Canada Balsam

Canada balsam

What aqueous mounting medium has the substance Sodium Merthiolate in their formula? a. Brun's Fluid b. Farrant's medium c. Apathy's Medium d. Glycerin

b. Farrant's medium

Which among the following is the most commonly used adhesive? a. Starch Paste b. Gelatin (1%) c. Mayer's Egg Albumin d. Dried Albumin

c. Mayer's Egg Albumin

Which of the following is used as a methods of staining axons and neuronal processes by using a primary " sensitizing" solution? a. Bodian's stain b. Bielschowsky's Techniques

b. Bielschowsky's Techniques

Iron Hematoxylin a. Enhances the combination of the dye with the nucleus b. Colors the nucleus black c. Used for progressive staining d. All of the above e. A and B

e. A and B

Which of the following are true of staining, except? a. Shows a hypochromic characteristic for neoplastic and malignant cells b. It is the process that renders the different tissue components more visible through variation in color c. Promotes easier optical differentiation d. Accomplished by the use of dyes and stains

a. Shows a hypochromic characteristic for neoplastic and malignant cells

HPCT QUIZ 2ND Flashcards

(84 cards)