HPCT possible 1st quiz Flashcards by Potato Patata

This method is recommended for smear preparations of bronchial aspirates and fresh sputum

A.Pull apart - serous fluid specimen
B. Smear preparation - blood smear
C. Touch preparation - aka impression technique
D. Spreading

Spreading

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Which of the ff concentration is ideal and preferred for
glutaraldehyde in immunoelectron microscopy?
A. 0.10%
B. 3% - associated conc
C. 10%
D. 0.25%

0.25%

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Fixation time can be cut down by using the ff, except:
A. Heat
B. Cold temp
C. Agitation
D. Microwave

Cold Temp

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The majority of non-fatty unfixed tissues are
sectioned well at temperatures between ___ and ____.

-10C, -25C

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Best fixative tissue for tissues containing iron
pigments?
A. Zenker’s Fluid - ginagamit more on the content of
mercury fluoride: liver, spleen, connective tissue
and nerve fiber
B. Formol corrosive - aka formol sublimate, belongs to
aldehyde fixative, preferably for post-mortem tissue
C. 10% Buffered Neutral Formal
D. Picric Acid - e

10% NBF

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What type of metallic fixative is specifically used for
Wharton’s jelly and umbilical cord?
A. Lead fixative - contains large amounts of
mucopolysaccharide, esp. Acid mucopolysaccharide
B. Mercuric Chloride fixative - damages integrity of
tissue, preferably umbilical cord
C. Chromate Fixative - for carbohydates
D. Picrate Fixative - for histones and basic proteins

Lead Fixative

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This section may be cut from tissues that have been
fixed and frozen with CO2 or for fresh tissues frozen
with a cryostat.
A. Celloidin section
B. Frozen section
C. Paraffin section
D. Gelatin section
E. NOTA

Frozen section

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Sections are not left on the water bath for a long time
due to:
A. To avoid undue expansion of the tissue
B. To avoid distortion of tissue
C. Both
D. NOTA

To avoid undue expansion of the tissue and to avoid distortion of the tissue
BOTH

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Brittle or hard tissues are caused by:
A. Prolonged fixation
B. Paraffin is too soft
C. Compress section
D. Sections are too thin
E. NOTA

Prolonged Fixation

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Select which among the ff is a common component
of an aqueous media together with its correct use
A. Glycerol-prevent cracking
B. Glycerin-prevent drying
C. Gum Arabic- increase Refractive Index
D. Sugar-solidify medium

Glycerol

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Which of the ff defined as the rapid freezing of tissue
A. Quenching
B. Desiccation - removal of ice water molecules
C. Sublimation - transferring of frozen tissue block
using a vacuum
D. NOTA

Quenching

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Process of removing ice water molecules
A. Quenching
B. Desiccation
C. Sublimation
D. NOTA

Dessication

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Special processing technique for histochemical
evaluation involving enzyme studies.
A. Freeze-drying
B. Freeze-substitution
C. Both
D. NOTA

NOTA - Special processing technique (?)
AOTA

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Prolonged decalcification of tissues is liable to ____
and lead to ____?

Prevent hydrolysis; macerate tissues

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It permits excellent staining, and is also suitable for
most routine surgical specimens but is relatively slow.
A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Phloroglucin-Nitric Acid
C. Perenyi’s Fluid - 2-7 days but not excellent in
staining
D. Formic Acid - takes 2-7 days to decalcify
E. AOTA

Formic Acid

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What is the specific pH used for Citric-Acid-Citrate
Buffer solution?

A. 4.5 - to neutralize and protect specimen from the
acidic component of solution

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The following are disadvantages of Diethylene
Dioxide, except:
A. Expensive
B. Tend to ribbon poorly
C. Not miscible in xylol
D. Causes toxic action
E. NOTA

C. Not miscible in xylol - miscible dapat

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Connective tissues are subdivided into four
categories. One of these is cartilage. Which of the ff best
describe hyaline cartilage?
A. Found in external ear and epiglottis - external
B. Contains fibroblasts and chondrocytes -
fribrocartilage
C. Most common cartilage - hyaline: larynx, brocnhioles,
and nodules
D. Derived from areolar tissues - adipose tissues
E. AOTA

C. Most common cartilage - hyaline: larynx, bronchioles,
and nodules

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It is a semi-translucent, ground glass or hyaline
substance made up of chondroitin
A. Fibrin
B. Fibrinoid
C. Hyalin
D. Amyloid

D. Amyloid

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Open muscle biopsies are usually received from the
operating room in a surgical clamp for orientation and
divided in three parts. What specific segment is fixed in
glutaraldehyde and is submitted for electron
microscopy?
A. Middle segment
B. Small segment
C. Large segment
D. Remaining segment
E. NOTA

B. Small segment

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This type of glial cell represents the major
supporting cells in the brain.
A. Astrocytes
B. Microglia - major phagocytic cell
C. Myelin - insulating layer that modifies nerve
conduction
D. Ependymal cell - located in the line of ventricles of
the brain

A. Astrocytes

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Clearing is done by:
A. 10 dips in alcohol
B. Gradual run through decreasing concentration of
alcohol
C. 2 changes of xylol, 2 hours each
D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour

D. 2 or 3 changes of xylene for 1 hour

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What is the appropriate requirement for the
transportation of specimens intended for frozen
sections?
A. Frozen within 4 hrs
B. Transported on formalin-dampened gauze
C. Transported on top of warm water
D. Transported on saline-dampened gauze
E. NOTA

D. Transported on saline-dampened gauze

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Freeze-drying may be used for special studies,
except:
A. Use of specialized silver stains
B. Scanning electron microscopy
C. Immunocytochemistry
D. Microspectrofluorimetry
E. NOTA

A. Use of specialized silver stains

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It is a special processing technique that can be used when chemical fixation is to be avoided. It is a process of dehydration through subjecting the frozen tissue to Rossman’s formula or in 1% acetone. A. Freeze-drying B. Freeze-substitution C. Cryostat D. Formalin Fixation E. AOTA

Freeze-substitution

The ff are procedures done in teasing or dissociation, except: A. Forcibly compressing slide to another slide B. Immersing the specimen in isotonic solution C. Separating by direct or zigzag spread using applicator stick D. Transferred into a slide and mounted as a wet preparation

A. Forcibly compressing slide to another slide - Crushing (Squash preparation

The ff statements describe the process of fixation, except: A. Removal of calcium ions B. Prevent autolysis and putrefaction C. Preserve morphologic integrity of cell D. Harden the tissue

A. Removal of calcium ions - Dehydration

Metallic fixatives are one of the four major groups of fixative and it includes the ff: A. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde - aldehyde B. Mercuric chloride, picric acid C. Osmium tetroxide, potassium permanganate - oxidizing fixative D. Methanol, ethanol - alcohol-based fixative

B. Mercuric chloride, picric acid

Select which among the ff association between difficulties by improper fixation and its cause is correct: A. Tissue blocks are brittle; prolonged fixation B. Removal of substances soluble in fixing agents; incomplete washing of fixative C. Presence of artefact pigments on tissue sections; wrong choice of fixative D. Shrinkage and swelling of cells; incomplete fixation

A. Tissue blocks are brittle; prolonged fixation

It is an example of decalcifying agent that decalcifies and soften tissues at the same time. A. Phloroglucin-nitric acid - decalcifying soln B. Molliflex - softener only C. Perenyi’s fluid D. Neutral EDTA

C. Perenyi’s fluid

Choose the answer with the correct association between the difficulties encountered and its cause or the fault that is made A. Frozen tissue chips into fragments when cut; freezing is not adequate B. Frozen tissue crumbles and comes off the block holder when cut; tissue is frozen too much C. Tissue shrinks away from wax when trimmed; insufficient infiltration D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol; insufficient clearing

D. Tissue is opaque and there is presence of alcohol; insufficient clearing

During the handling and fixation of specimens, there are general precautions that are needed to be followed. One of the precautions is to avoid slow freezing because this may cause: A. Formation of ice crystal artefacts B. Damage to cellular organelles C. Release enzymes D. Diffuse soluble components of the cell

A. Formation of ice crystal artefacts

Which of the ff will affect the speed of penetration of the clearing agent? A. Temperature B. Viscosity C. PH D. AOTA

B. Viscosity

Which of the following is paired correctly? a. Presence of artifact pigments on tissue sections - incomplete fixation (Incomplete washing of fixative dapat) b. Tissue blocks are brittle and hard - incomplete fixation (Prolonged fixation) c. Tissue are soft and feather like in consistency - incomplete fixation d. Shrinkage and swelling of cells and tissue structure - incomplete fixation (Overfixation)

c. Tissue are soft and feather like in consistency - incomplete fixation

What type of metallic fixative is specifically used in wharton’s jelly and umbilical cord? a. Lead fixative - contains large amounts of mucopolysaccharide, esp. Acid mucopolysaccharide b. Mercuric Chloride fixative - damages integrity of tissue, preferably umbilical cord c. Chromate Fixative - for carbohydates d. Picrate Fixative - for histones and basic proteins

a. Lead fixative - contains large amounts of mucopolysaccharide, esp. Acid mucopolysaccharide

The clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in. What is the reason behind it? a. Prolonged fixation b. Incomplete fixation c. Clearing agent is not completely removed d. AOTA e. NOTA

NOTA - Incomplete dehydration dapat

Prolonged decalcification of tissues is liable to ___ and lead to ____ a. Good staining: Complete dehydration b. Maceration of tissues: prevent hydrolysis c. Prevent hydrolysis: macerate tissues d. Complete dehydration: good staining

c. Prevent hydrolysis: macerate tissues

What is the decalcifying agent that also acts as a tissue softener? a. Aqueous phenol solution b. Perenyi’s fluid c. Phloroglucin nitric acid d. Moliflex

b. Perenyi’s fluid

The most simple, reliable, and convenient way of measuring the extent of decalcification a. Chemical test b. Radiological c. Mechanical test d. Physical test

A. Chemical test

The very slow decalcifying agents a. Ion exchange resins b. Chelating agents c. Acids d. Electrical ionization

b. Chelating agents

This is a type of decalcifying agent that may be used as a simple solution with a recommended concentration of 5 - 10%? a. Trichloroacetic acid b. Chromic acid c. Nitric acid d. Formic acid

d. Formic acid

Fixation time can be cut down by using the following except: a. Heat b. Cold temperature c. Microwave d. Agitation

b. Cold temperature

This clearing agent can cause aplastic anemia a. Benzene b. Xylol c. Toluene d. Chloroform

a. Benzene

It is a method whereby cut tissues, preferably fresh are cut into pieces and brought into contact and pressed to the surface of a clean slide a. Spreading b. Pull apart c. Touch preparation d. Smear preparation

c. Touch preparation

The tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, what causes this? a. Incomplete embedding b. Incomplete dehydration c. Incomplete fixation d. Incomplete clearing

c. Incomplete fixation

Which of the following should not be done in the cryostat procedure? a. Slow freezing b. Temperatures near -20C c. Freezing quickly d. Using fresh tissues for freezing

a. Slow freezing - Can produce Ice artifacts

What causes the presence of artifact pigments on tissue sections during fixation? a. Wrong choice of fixative b. Prolonged fixation c. Incomplete washing of fixative d. Incomplete fixation

c. Incomplete washing of fixative

The commonly used concentration for formaldehyde. a. 0.10% b. 0.25% c. 3% d. 10%

d. 10%

Fixatives that may react with histones and basic proteins - a. Mercuric chloride fixative b. Neutral buffer c. Glutaraldehyde d. Chromate fixative e. NOTA

NONE OF THE ABOVE - PICRATES

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good fixative a. Permits rapid and even penetration of tissues b. Inhibits bacterial decomposition and autolysis c. Capable of removing calcium salts from the tissue without considerable destruction d. It must produce minimum shrinkage of tissue

c. Capable of removing calcium salts from the tissue without considerable destruction Pang dehydration 'yan lods!

Which of the following is not a characteristics of smooth muscle tissue a. Arranged closely to form sheets b. Spindle- shaped cells with central nuclei c. Presence of intercalated discs d. No striations

c. Presence of intercalated discs - Pang Skeletal muscle (Cardiac)

The universal molecular fixative, known as UMFIX, is a mixture of ___ and ___, and is an excellent and cost-effective alternative to formalin. a. Methanol: polyethylene glycol b. Glutaraldehyde: aceton c. Ethanol: glycerol d. Picric acid: carbowax

a. Methanol: polyethylene glycol

It is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy? a. Ultrathin microtome b. Cryostat c. Microtome d. Electron microtomy

b. Cryostat

What is the type/ form of fixation whereby a primary fixed tissue is placed in an aqueous solution of 2.5 3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours? a. Heat fixation b. Post chromatization c. Secondary fixation d. Primary fixation

b. Post chromatization

Which method of fresh tissue examination is used for cancer diagnosis? a. Crushing b. Smear preparation c. Frozen section d. Ceasing

B. Smear preparation

It is a special way of preserving tissues by quenching and sublimation a. Cryostat procedure b. Freeze- substitution c. Cold knife procedure d. Freeze- drying

d. Freeze- drying

All of the following has more than one function in tissue processing, except: a. Cetrahydrofuran b. Acetone c. Dioxane d. Triethyl phosphate

D. Triethyl phosphate

Which type of tissue can transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors a. Skeletal muscle tissue b. Connective tissue c. Cardiac muscle tissue d. Epithelial tissue e. NOTA

Nervous tissue - NOTA

50-70% alcohol is used to wash which type of fixative? a. Picric acid b. Formalin c. Osmic acid d. Mercury chloride

Picric acid and Bouins

A type of fresh tissue examination that allows cells to be transferred directly to a slide for examination of phase contrast microscopy without destroying the intracellular relationship a. Pull apart b. Streaking c. Squash preparation d. Impression smear

d. Impression smear

This section is normally utilized when a rapid diagnosis of the tissue is required a. Plastic section b. Frozen section c. Paraffin section d. Celloidin section e. Stat section

Frozen Section! Alam na alam mo 'yan buddybear!

Best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments a. 10% BNF b. Formol corrosive c. Zenker’s fluid d. Picric acid

10% NBF

Uses an “en bloc” technique a. Virchow b. Letulle c. Gohn d. Rokitansky

Gohn Virchow - one by one Lettulle - en mass Rokitansky - in situ

Term used for the change in body temperature after death until it reaches the ambient temperature a. Post mortem b. Livor mortis c. Putrefaction d. Algor mortis

d. Algor mortis

Which of the following is the primary preliminaries for post mortem examination? a. Written consent from the next of kin-abide by the extent of restrictions allowed b. Death certificate (blue form) c. Medical abstract/ clinical data d. Medicolegal clearance i. 1 and 4 ii. 1 amd 2 iii. 1, 2 and 3 iv. AOTA

iv. AOTA

Which of the following is correct about the post mortem examination? a. After death examination of the body and dissection of its internal organs to confirm or determine the cause of death b. Autopsy can uncover the existence of diseases not detected during life c. Determine the extent of injuries may have contributed to a person’s death d. Autopsy can cover the existence of disease that are detected during life e. Determine the extent of injuries that may not have contributed to a person’s death i. 1 and 5 ii. 3 and 4 iii. 1, 2 and 3 iv. 1 and 4

1 and 4!

Other term for “livor mortis” which is the settling of the blood lower portion of the body a. Bruising b. Condensation c. Suggillation d. AOTA

c. Suggillation