Orientation
Formal process of familiarizing new employees with the organization, their jobs, and their work unit and embedding organizational values, beliefs and accepted behaviors
Training
The acquisition of skills, behaviors, and abilities to perform current work
Development
The acquisition of skills, behaviors, and abilities to perform future work or to solve an organizational problem
Instructional objectives
Desired outcomes of a training program
Trainee readiness
The consideration of a trainee’s maturity and experience when assessing him or her
Behavior modification
Technique that if behavior is rewarded, it will be exhibited more frequently in the future.
On-the-job-training (OJT)
Method by which employees are given hands-on experience with instructions from their supervisor or other trainer
Co-operative training
Training program that combines practical on-the-job experience with formal education
Internship programs
Programs jointly sponsored by colleges, universities, and other organizations that off students the opportunity to gain real-life experience while allowing them to find out how they will perform in work organizations
E-learning
Learning that takes place through electronic media
Transfer of training
Effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job
Transfer
Placement of an individual in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, statues, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job
Promotion
Change of assignment to a job at a higher level in the organization
Mentors
Managers who coach, advise, and encourage less experienced employees
Apprenticeship training
System of training in which a worker entering the skilled trades is given thorough instruction and experience, both on and off the job, in the practical and theoretical aspects of the work
Performance management system
A set of integrated management practices
Manager/supervisor review
Performance review done by the employee’s supervisor
Self-review
performance review done by the employee being assessed, generally on a from completed by the employee prior to the performance interview
Subordinate review
Performance review of a superior by an employee, which is more appropriate for developmental than for administrative purposes
Peer review
Performance reviews done by one’s fellow employees, generally on forms that are compiled into a single profile for us in the performance interview conducted by the employee’s manager
Team review
Performance review, based on TQM concepts, that recognizes team accomplishment rather than the individual performance
TQM
Total Quality Management; control system that involves setting standards, measuring performance against those standards, and identifying opportunities for continuous improvement.
Customer input
Performance review that, like team review, is based on TQM concepts and seeks information from both external and internal customers
Graphic rating scales
A trait approach to performance review whereby each employee is rated according to a scale of characteristics
Behaviourally anchored rating scale (BARS)
A behavioural approach to performance review that consists of a series of vertical scales, one for each important dimensions of job performance
Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
a measurement framework that helps managers translate strategic goals into operational objectives
Direct compensation
Employee wages and salaries, incentives, bonuses, and commissions
Indirect compensation
Benefits, such as extended health and dental plans, supplied by employers
Equitable pay
Compensation received is perceived to be equal to the value of the work performed
Pay-for-performance standard
Standard by which managers tie direct compensation to employee or organizational effort and performance
Piecework
work paid according to the number of units produced
Job evaluation
Systematic process of determining the relative worth of jobs in order to establish which jobs should be paid more than others within an organization
Consumer price index (CPI)
Measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed “market basket” of goods and services
Real wages
Wage increases larger than rises in the consumer price index; that is, the real earning power of wages
Wage and salary survey
Survey of the wages paid to employees of other employers in the surveying organization’s relevant labour market
Pay grades
Groups of jobs within a particular class that are paid the same rate or rate range
Competency-based pay
Pay based on how many capabilities employees have or how many jobs they can perform
Eldercare
Care provided to an elderly relative by an employee who remains actively at work
