Htmle Flashcards by Yormae Quezon

Infiltrated with CELLOIDIN then embedded with PARAFFIN

Double embedding:

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Flotation waterbath:

45 to 50 C

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To remove formalin pigments:

Picric acid

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To remove mercurial deposits:

Iodine

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Explosive when dry:

Picric acid

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Function of alum in hematoxylin:

Mordant

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Primary importance alum in of Frozen Sections:

RAPID DIAGNOSIS

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Enzyme histochemistry:

Frozen section

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Second best choice for routine cytologic examination after Phase contrast microscopy

Papanicolau

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NOT SUITABLE for kidney structures:

Bouin’s

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should never contain osmic acid/osmium tetroxide because it inhibits hematoxylin

Microanatomical fixatives

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should contain glacial acetic acid due to its affinity for nuclear chromatin.

Nuclear fixatives

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They should never contain Glacial Acetic Acid because it destroys the mitochondria and Golgi bodies.

Cytoplasmic fixatives
‘HORFF’
(Flemming’s without HAc, Regaud’s, Orth’s, Helly’s and formalin with post-chroming).

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Manual paraffin wax infiltration and embedding: At least ____________________________ to ensure complete removal of the clearing agent from tissue. The specimen is then immersed in another fresh solution of melted paraffin for approximately 3 hours to ensure complete embedding or casting of tissue.

(4) changes of wax are required at 15 minutes interval

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Cambridge/Rocking microtome: invented by

Paldwell Treffall

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Bond between Best carmine and glycogen

Coulombic attraction/electrostatic bonds
hydrogen bonds,

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Regressive staining, it involves a differentiation step

Routine H and E

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Stains for the glomerular basement membrane:

PAS, Azocarmine stain

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immediately after death, rubbery consistency

Postmortem clotting

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friable, characterized by fibrin precipitation

Antemortem thrombi

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Leadership:

DIRECTING

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Embedding medium for EM is

Plastic

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Pap’s consists of 3 stains:

Harris hematoxylin
OG 6
EA

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was attached to tumor the Department of Labor and Employment pursuant to Executive Order No. 565.
Executive Order No. 565-A was issued, delegating the Presidential power of control over the PRC to the DOLE Secretary

PRC

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ALCOHOL FIXATIVE CONCENTRATIONS; because less concentrated solutions will produce lysis of cells.

70% to 100%

are commonly used fixatives for nucleic acids

Ethanol methanol Carnoy’s solution

: physical agent similar in mechanism to vacuum oven (heat) and agitation to increase movement of molecules and accelerate fixation. It is also used to accelerate staining, decalcification, immunohistochemistry microscopy.

MICROWAVE

LAST ALCOHOL BATH FOR DEHYDRATION SHOULD BE ______________. A of blue discoloration of _____________ crystals will indicate FULL SATURATION WITH WATER. Alcohol is then discarded and changed with fresh solution.

PURE ETHANOL; COPPER SULFATE

contains bundles of very long, multinucleated cells with crossstriations. Their contraction is quick, forceful, and usually under voluntary control. STRIATED, VOLUNTARY

Skeletal muscle

also has crossstriations and is composed of elongated, often branched cells bound to one another at structures called intercalated discs that are unique to it. Contraction is involuntary, vigorous, and rhythmic. STRIATED, INVOLUNTARY

Cardiac muscle

consists of collections of fusiform cells that lack striations and have slow, involuntary contractions. NONSTRIATED, INVOLUNTARY

Smooth muscle

Three (3) major changes that are observed in the NUCLEUS:

PYKNOSIS KARYORRHEXIS (segmentation and fragmentation) KARYOLYSIS (dissolution of the nucleus)

Four (4) phases or stages of CELL DEGENERATION:

CLOUDY SWELLING FATTY DEGENERATION CELL DEATH OR NECROSIS CALCIFICATION.

is performed by a physician and may be obtained by: • Needle biopsy: most frequently performed method • Surgical biopsy • Percutaneous (entering through the skin) TREPINE (small object used to remove circular section of tissue) biopsy (core of bone with accompanying marrow is obtained)

BM aspiration

Carbohydrate fixation:

ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES

NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALDEHYDE OR FORMALDEHYDE VAPOR

Protein fixation

ALCOHOL BASED such as Rossman’s fluid or cold absolute alcohol

Glycogen fixation

: fixative of choice for TISSUE PHOTOGRAPHY

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

LIVER, SPLEEN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS and NUCLEI

Zenker’s fluid

PITUITARY GLAND, BM, BLOOD-CONTAINING ORGANS SUCH AS SPLEEN AND LIVER

Zenker’s-formol (Helly’s)

TUMOR BIOPSIES ESPECIALLY SKIN

Heidenhain’s susa solution

CHROMATIN, MITOTIC FIGURES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC and colloid containing tissues

Regaud’s (Moller’s/Muller’s) fluid

study of degenerative process and early tissue necrosis, demonstrates rickettsia and other bacteria

Orth’s fluid

ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

LEAD FIXATIVES

fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies

BOUIN’S

Bouin’s is NOT SUITABLE FOR FIXING _________ structures, lipid and mucus

KIDNEY

Glacial acetic acid solidifies at

17C.

CHROMOSOMES, LYMPH GLAND and URGENT BIOPSIES

Carnoy’s fluid

fixing of mucopolysaccharides and nuclear proteins

Newcomer’s fluid

most common and fastest decalcifying agent

NITRIC ACID

decalcifies and softens tissues at the same time

PERENYI’S FLUID

most ideal, most ideal, most sensitive for determining extent of decalcification

X-ray or radiological method

Embedding medium for electron microscopy:

EPON (PLASTIC MEDIUM)

Manual H and E staining:

REGRESSIVE STAINING

Flotation water bath: 45 to 50C, approximately

6-10C lower than the mp of the wax

: vegetable dye extracted from LICHENS

ORCEIN

: probably the oldest of all stains

IODINE

demonstrating MITOCHONDRIA

JANUS GREEN

Stain for Helicobacter pylori

TOLUIDINE BLUE CRESYL VIOLET ACETATE

- increase in size of an organ due to an increase in size of individual cells

Hypertrophy

- increase in size of an organ due to increase in number of cells RETROGRESSIVE CHANGES

Hyperplasia

- failure of an organ to reach mature size

Hypoplasia

- organ is represented only by mass of fatty or fibrous nodule

Aplasia

- ACQUIRED decrease in size of a normally sized organ DEGENERATIVE CHANGES

Atrophy

- change in size, shape and orientation of cell

Dysplasia

- change from one adult cell type to another

Metaplasia

-change to a more primitive or embryonic cell type

Anaplasia or Dedifferentiation

- continuous abnormal proliferation of cells MALIGNANT TUMOR

Neoplasia or Tumor

Most rapid of the common freezing agents:

LIQUID NITROGEN

General purpose fixative:

10% neutral buffered formalin

Neutral buffered formol saline or formaldehyde vapor

Protein fixation

Fixatives for nucleic acids:

Ethanol, methanol and Carnoy’s solution

Amount of fixative used has been 10 to 25 times the volume of tissue to be fixed. Recently, the maximum effectiveness of fixation is noted to be _______ the tissue volume

20 times

Recommended ratio of fluid to tissue volume for DECALCIFICATION is

20 to 1

Amount of dehydrating agent should not be ______________the volume of tissue

less than 10 times

: Low grade to high grade alcohol

Dehydration

Absence of water:

WHITE anhydrous copper sulfate

Presence of water:

BLUE anhydrous copper sulfate

Clearing aka

Dealcoholization

Automated tissue processor:

Fix, dehydrate, clear, and infiltrate

Histochemical demonstration of ENZYMES

FROZEN SECTION

is the most commonly used fluorochrome to demonstrate DNA and RNA in fresh or fixed tissues.

ACRIDINE ORANGE

Calcium salts = black

Von Kossa’s silver method

Red chromogen for peroxidases:

Aminoethylcarbazole (AEC)

Brown chromogen for peroxidases:

Diaminobenzidine (DAB)

Administrative investigation:

2 members of board + 1 legal officer

Policies and guidelines for Med Tech Education:

CMO no. 14 s. 2006

Accreditation of clinical lab for training MT interns:

CMO no. 6 s. 2008

All fixatives can be used except those that contain osmic acid. Osmic acid (like Flemming’s) inhibits hematoxylin

Fixatives for H & E

Primary/Basic/Nuclear stain

Harris hematoxylin

Secondary/Counterstain/Acid/Cytoplasmic stain

Eosin

stains the nucleus

Harris hematoxylin

stains the cytoplasm of mature cells (superficial cells)

OG 6

stains the cytoplasm of immature cells (parabasal, intermediate cells)

EA 36/50/65:

FIRST PRESIDENT: "Emergence of the Profession" (1963-1967)

Charlemagne T. Tamondong

"Professional Recognition" (1967-1970)

Nardito D. Moraleta

"Legislative Agenda" (1970-1971, 1973-1976)

Felix E. Asprer

"Legislative Agenda" (1970-1971, 1973-1976)

Felix E. Asprer

"Celebration of the Practice" (1971-1973)

Bernardo T. Tabaosares

"Career Advocacy" (1973)

Angelina R. Jose

(Venerable OCA) "Educational Enhancement" (1977-1981)

Venerable C.V. Chua

"Image Building" (1982-1991)

Carmencita P. Acedera

"Beyond Expectations" (2007-2012)

Leila M. Florento

FATHER OF PAMET:

CRISANTO ALMARIO

PAMET was originally organized on

SEPTEMBER 15, 1963

PAMET HYMN Music:

Francis Jerota Pefanco

PAMET HYMN Lyrics:

Hector Gentapanan Gayares, Jr.

Current PAMET President:

Ma'am Luella Vertucio

Current PASMETH President:

Dean Jose Jurel Nuevo

Board of MT Head:

Dr. Marilyn Barza

Board of MT Head:

Dr. Marilyn Barza

Board of MT Member:

Ma'am Leila Lani Florento

PRC CHAIRPERSON:

Atty. Charito Zamora

DOH SECRETARY

Dr. Teodoro Herbosa

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