HTMLE Flashcards by Geil Bacus

Father of pathology:
a. George Nicholas Papanicolaou
b. Rudolf Carl Virchow
C. Hippocrates
d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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Father of cytopathology:
a. George Nicholas Papanicolaou
b. Rudolf Carl Virchow
C. Hippocrates
d.cAnton van Leeuwenhoek

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Microscopically, the hallmark of this type
necrosis is the conversion of normal cells into
‘TOMBSTONES:
a. Caseous necrosis
b. Coagulation necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
d. Liquefaction necrosis

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Organ most commonly affected by FATTY
DEGENERATION:
a. Heart
b. Liver
C. Lungs
d. Kidney

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The first and most critical step in histotechnology?
a. Clearing
b. Embedding
c. Fixation
d. Infiltration

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Commercial stock formaldehyde solutions
contain:
a. 4% formaldehyde
b. 10% formaldehyde
C. 37% to 40% formaldehyde
d. 98% to 100% formaldehyde

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Microanatomical fixatives:
1. 10% formol saline
2. Heidenhain’s susa
3. Zenker’s solution
4. Flemming’s fluid
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 4
c. 1,2 and 3
d. 1, 2, 3 and 4

C.
10-10 = 10% NBF, 10% Formol Saline
H-H = Heidenhains susa, Helly
B-B = Bouins, Brasils
F-Z = Formol sublimate, Zenker

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The primary aim of fixation:
a. Preserve the morphologic and chemical
integrity of the cell
b. Harden and protect the tissue from
trauma of further handling
c. Act as mordant or accentuators
d. Inhibit bacterial decomposition

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This organ is usually suspended whole in 10%
buffered formalin for 2 to 3 weeks to ensure
fixation and some hardening prior to
sectioning,
a. Lungs
b. Liver
c. Brain
d. Amputated foot

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Nuclear fixatives are those that preserve
nuclear structure in particular. They have a
pH of:
a. pH 4,6 or less
b. pH 4.6 or greater
c. pH 6.4 or less
d. pH 6.4 or greater

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Cytoplasmic fixatives, EXCEPT:
a. Zenker’s fluid
b. Helly’s fluid
c. Orth’s fluid
d. Regaud’s fluid

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Fixative for the preservation of fats:
a. Helly’s fluid
b. Zenker’s fluid
c. Formalin
d. Newcomer’s fluid

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It is used to fix sputum, since it coagulated
mucus:
a. Genre’s fixative
b. Neutral buffered formalin
c. Helly’s solution
d. B5 fixative

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It is considered as the most common metallic
fixative:
a. Lead
b. Mercuric chloride
c. Osmium tetroxide
d. Chromate

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Mercuric chloride fixatives:
1. Zenker’s fluid
2. Heidenhain’s Susa solution
3. B-5 fixative
4. Orth’s fluid
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, 3 and 4

CROPmate Fixatixes (Chromate fixatives)
Chromic acid
Regauds/ Mullers
Orths
Potassium dichromate

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It is recommended mainly for tumor biopsies
especially of the skin; it is an excellent
cytologic fixative:
a. B-5 fixative
b. Zenker’s fluid
c. Helly’s fluid
d. Heidenhain’s Susa solution

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Components of Helly’s solution
1. Mercuric chloride
2. Potassium dichromate
3. Formaldehyde
4. Glacial acetic acid

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1 2, 3 and 4

Hellys solution is a mercuric chloride fixative
It is different from zenker fluid because it contains formaldehyde.
It is a cytoplasmic fixative thus it should not contain glacial acetic acid

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All fixative contains picric acid, EXCEPT:
a. Bouin’s
b. Brasil’s
c. Carnoy’s
d. Gendre’s

C.
Brasil and Bouins are picric acid fixatives. Gendres fluid is under aldehyde fixatives but contains picric acid.

Carnoy is an alcoholic fixative.

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Carnoy’s fluid fixative is considered to be as
the the most rapid fixative. It fixes and
dehydrates at the same time.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. 1st statement is true; 2nd statement is
false
d. 1s statement is false; 2nd statement is
true

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It is excellent for fixing dry and wet, blood
smears and bone marrow tissues:
a. Bouin’s solution
b. Carnoy’s solution
c. B-5
d. Methanol

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An unknown pigment in tissue section that
can be bleached with a saturated alcoholic
solution of picric acid is most likely:
a. Melanin pigment
b. Hemosiderin
c. Formalin pigment
d. Mercury pigment

Formalin Pigment can be removed by SAKaL
SAturated picric acid
Alcoholic KOH
Kardasewitsch method
Lilies method

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Acetic acid is normally used in conjunction
with other fixatives to form a compound
solution. It solidifies at hence the name glacial acetic acid.
a. 7C
b. 7F
c. 17C
d. 175

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Most useful primary fixatives for electron
microscopy:
1. Osmium tetroxide
2. Glutaraldehyde
3. Paraformaldehyde
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1,2 and 3

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Composition of von Ebner's fluid: a. Nitric acid, chromic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol b. Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, water C. Trichloroacetic acid, formol saline d. Chromic acid, osmium tetroxide, acetic acid

It decalcifies and softens tissues at the same time: a. von Ebner's fluid b. Perenyi's fluid c. Flemming's fluid d. Trichloroacetic acid

Which of the following is a dehydrating agent? a. Formalin b. Xylene c. Benzene d. Alcohol

Dioxane is a reagent that can be used: a. For both fixing and dehydrating tissues b. For both dehydrating and clearing c. In very small volume rations d. For long periods without changing

It is the most rapid clearing agent, suitable for urgent biopsies and clears within 15 to 30 minutes. a. Xylene b. Toluene c. Benzene d. Chloroform

It is recommended clearing agent for tough tissues (e.g. skin, fibroid and decalcified tissues), for nervous tissues, lymph nodes and embryos because it causes minimum shrinkage and hardening of tissues. a. Xylene b. Toluene c. Benzene d. Chloroform

The volume of the impregnating medium should be at least the volume of the tissue. a. 5 times b. 10 times c. 20 times d. 25 times

Common paraffin waxes have melting points of 45, 52, 56 and 58C. The wax is normally used for routine works. a. 45C b. 52C c. 56C d. 58C

C. Paraffin oven- must be 2 to 5 celcius above the melting point Paraffin wax used for embedding- 5 to 10 degree celcius above its melting point and cooled rapidly at -5 degree Celcius to solidify.

It is a product of paraffin, containing rubber, with the same property as paraplast. a. Embeddol b. Bioloid c. Tissue mat d. Ester wax

A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding the eyes a. Embeddol b. Bioloid C. Tissue mat d. Ester wax

All processes are done in an automatic tissue processor, EXCEPT: a. Fixation b. Dehydration C. Impregnation d. Embedding

The AUTOTECHNICON is an automatic tissue processor. The last container through which the surgical tissue sections pass through contains: a. Formalin b. Alcohol c. Paraffin d. Acetone

Double embedding: a. Infiltrated with paraffin and then embedded with celloidin b. Infiltrated with celloidin and then embedded with paraffin c. Infiltrated with gelatin and then embedded with plastic d. Infiltrated with gelatin and then embedded with paraffin

Theoretically, the perfect and OPTIMUM CUTTING ANGLE is obtained when the sides of the wedge knife are inclined at an angle of about: a. 5-degree angle b. 10-degree angle c. 15-degree angle d. 27-degree angle

Cambridge microtome: a. Rocking b. Rotary C. Sliding d. Freezing

The most common type of microtome used for both routine and research laboratories at present, especially for sectioning paraffin- embedded tissues: a. Rocking b. Rotary c. sliding d. Freezing

It is the recommend knife for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome: a. Plane-concave b. plane-wedge c. Biconcave d. None of these

This type of hone usually gives the best result, It is used for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked a.Fine carborundum b. Arkansas c. Belgium yellow d. None of these

These types of knives can be used for electron microscopy: a. Magnetic knives b. Biconcave knives c. Diamond knives d. Diamond and glass knives

The action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant: a. Direct staining b. indirect staining c. Progressive staining d. Prosiessive staining

Color of the nuclei in H and E staining: a. Pale pink b. Orange-red c. Blue to blue-black d. Purplish-pink

Stain for reticulin fibers: a. Gomori's silver impregnation b. Masson's trichrome stain | cllagen c. van Gieson-llagen d. Weigert'

The phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) is useful for demonstrating: a. Edema fluid b. Muscle striations c. Ground substance d. Reticulin

It is probably the OLDEST of all stains, originally used for microscopic study of starch granules. It stains amyloid, cellulose, starch, carotenes and glycogen. a. lodine b. Malachite green c. Orcein d. Neutral red

It is used as 4% aqueous solution in Krajian's method of staining AMYLOID, elastic tissues and myelin. It is best known as an indicator but may be utilized as a stain for axis cylinders in embryos: a. Eosin b. Bismarck brown c. Congo red d. Carmine

Sakaguchi's test: a. Arginine b. Cystine c. Histones d. Protamine

In the methyl green-pyronin stain, RNA is stained: a. Black b. Purple c. Rose-red d. Green or blue-green

Demonstration of neuron, axons and neurofibrils: a. Bielchowsky's technique b. Luxol fast blue c. Cajal's gold sublimate d. Modified Holzer's method

Astrocytes are demonstrated by which of the following procedures? a. Luxol fast blue b. Cresyl violet c. Weill's d. Cajal's

A stain that may be used to demonstrate calcium is the: a. Fontana silver nitrate b. Congo red c. von Kossa silver nitrate d. Schmorl method

Rhodamine is used to demonstrate: a. Ferric iron b. Copper c. Calcium d. Urate crystals

Stain for Helicobacter: a. Grocott methenamine silver stain b. Toluidine blue stain C. Wade-Fite d. Warthin-Starry method

Stain for leprosy bacilli and Nocardia: a. Grocott methenamine silver stain b. Toluidine blue stain c. Wade-Fite d. Warthin-Starry method

Immunohistochemical techniques are now routinely used for the identification of specific or highly selective in frozen or paraffin-embeddded tissues. a. Primary antibody b. Secondary antibody c. Antiglobulin reagent d. Epitopes or antigens

The most common chromogen for peroxidases, diaminobenzidine (DAB) produces end product when antigen is present in the tissue. a. Red b. Blue c. Dark brown d. Yellow

Aminoethyl carbazole (AEC) produces end product when antigen is present in the tissue. a. Red b. Blue c. Dark brown d. Yellow

In the MODIFIED Papanicolau stain, this dye was omitted from the EA formula. a. Eosin Y b. Bismarck brown c. Light green d. Orange green

Cytologic collection for female hormonal evaluation: a. Endocervical brush b. Vulvar scrape c. Lateral vaginal scrape d. Four quadrant scrape

Polygonal squamous cells identified by the presence of pale-staining cytoplasm and dark, pyknotic nucleus: a. Superficial cells b. Intermediate cells c. Parabasal cells d. Basal cells

An increase in size of tissues or organs due to increase in size of the individual cells: a. Anaplasia b. Hypoplasia c.Hyperplasia d. Hypertrophy

ACQUIRED decrease in size of a normally developed or mature tissue or organ: a. Atresia b. Aplasia c. Atrophy d. Agenesia

A reversible change involving the transformation of one type of cell to another: a. Anaplasia b. Dysplasia c. Metaplasia d. Neoplasia

Programmed cell death: a. Necrosis b. Apoptosis c. Cellular senescence d. Terminal differentiation

First demonstrable change observed characterized by cooling of the body: a. Algor mortis b. Rigor mortis c. Livor mortis d. Postmortem clotting

This implies self-digestion of the cells: a. Autolysis b. Desiccation c. Putrefaction d. Post-mortem clotting

It forms the linings of the urinary bladder, the ureters and part of the urethra (organs which are subject to considerable stretching): a. Stratified squamous epithelium b. Transitional epithelium c. Stratified cuboidal epithelium d. Stratified columnar epithelium

Thyroid follicles are lined by this type of epithelium: a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Transitional epithelium

Elastic cartilage EXCEPT: a. Epiglottis b. External ear c. Intervertebral discs d. Walls of the Eustachian tubes

Long, cylindrical and multinucleate, they have obvious striations, and can be controlled voluntarily: a. Skeletal muscle b. Visceral muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Smooth Muscle

Uninucleate branching cells that fight tightly together at junctions called intercalated disks: a. Skeletal muscle b. Visceral muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Smooth muscleC

The four essential functions of a manager are: a. Staffing, decision making, cost analysis, evaluating b. Directing, leading, forecasting, implementing c. Planning, organizing, directing, controlling d.Innovating, designing, coordinating, problem-solving

Services done only in a primary category laboratory, except a. Routine Hematology b. Routine Urinalysis c. Routine Chemistry d. Qualitative Platelet Determination

Which of the following published standards for GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP)? a. Department of Health b. World Health Organization c. National Reference Laboratories d. Philippine Association of Medical Technologists

Maslow's theory of management is based upon: a. The premise that all workers are unmotivated b. A pyramid of goals for the satisfaction of employee needs c. Use of detractors and perks to keep employees happy d. The professional development of the employee

A laboratory performing culture and sensitivity tests is a: a. Primary laboratory b. Secondary laboratory c. Tertiary laboratory d. Special laboratory

Certificate of registration as Medical Technologist shall not be required for which of the following? a. Duly registered physicians b. MT from other countries called in for consultation or as visiting or exchange professors c. Medical technologists in the service of the US Armed Forces stationed in the Philippines d. All of these

In cases where the screening drug-testing laboratory is a division, section, or unit of a Clinical Laboratory, it shall be headed ky: 1. Licensed physician 2. Medical technologist 3. Pharmacist 4. Chemist, chemical engineer a. 1 only b. 1,2 c. 1,2,3 d. 1,2,3,4

A young person under the age of 14 who is pregnant wishes to undergo HIV testing. What is the correct protocol for obtaining consent for testing under Republic Act No. 11166? a. Consent must be obtained from the minor's legal guardian or parent. b. The minor can consent independently to the testing and counseling process. c. HIV testing is prohibited for any minor under 15, regardless of circumstances, d. HIV testing can only proceed if the minor's parents are unreachable after multiple attempts.

The LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO) issued to the CLINICAL LABORATORY is valid for: a. One year b. Two years c. Three years d. Six months

LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO) Blood Service Facilities is valid for a period of years. a. One year b. Two years c. Three years d. Six years

According to DOH A.O. 2006-0024 certificate of accreditation of laboratories for DRINKING WATER ANALYSIS is valid for year(s) and expires on the last day of December. a. One year b. Two years c. Three years d. Six years

Which of the following examinations is not administered by the PRC? a. LEA b. PNLE c. BAR d. LET

The Professional Regulation Commission, otherwise known as the PRC, is a _____ man commission attached to office of the President for general direction and coordination. a. One man b. Two-man c. Three-man d. Four-man

An act done to avoid harming the patients: a. Beneficence b. Non-maleficence c. Autonomy d. Justice

First clinical laboratory in the Philippines: a. San Lazaro Hospital b. Manila Public Health Laboratory - c. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine d. National Reference Laboratory

Qualification of BOARD EXAMINERS (Board of MT) EXCEPT: a. Filipino citizen, good moral character b. Qualified pathologist or duly RMTs c. In practice of laboratory medicine or MT for at least five years prior to his appointment years d. Not a member of the faculty of any medical technology school for at least two years prior to appointment

National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Syphilis and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): a. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine b. San Lazaro Hospital c. East Avenue Medical Center d. National Kidney and Transplant Institute

National Reference Laboratory for Biochemistry: a. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine b. San Lazaro Hospital c. East Avenue Medical Center d. Lung Center of the Philippines

Jamila intercepts a private conversation between Marisel and Antonio without their knowledge or consent and shares it publicly through Instagram stories. What penalty is applicable under the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 for the unauthorized sharing of private communication? a. Imprisonment of prision mayor and/or a fine of at least PHP 200,000. b. Imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least PHP 500,000. c. Imprisonment of prision mayor or a fine of at least Two hundred thousand pesos (PhP200,000.00) but not exceeding One million pesos (PhP 1,000,000.00) or both. d. Penalty of reclusion perpetua and a fine of not less than Two million pesos (Php2,000,000.00) but not more than Five million pesos (Php5,000,000.00)

A newly licensed professional who recently PASSED and TOPPED the Medical Technology licensure exam in March 2021. According PRC Resolution No. 1146 s. 2019, in the first renewal cycle, would you be required to earn CPD units? a. Yes, you are required to earn 15 CPD units before your first renewal. b No, newly licensed professionals are exempted. c. Yes, but you will only need 5 CPD units for the first renewal cycle. d. No, topnotchers are exempted.

What does CPD stand for in the context of Republic Act No. 10912? a. Continuous Professional Development b Continuing Professional Development c. Comprehensive Professional Development d. Certified Professional Development

You are tasked to identify the Chairman of the Council of Medical Technology Education in 1969. Based on R.A. 5527, who holds this position? a. The Director of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories b. The Dean of the Institute of Hygiene of the University of the Philippines c. The Commissioner of the Professional Regulation Commission d. The Secretary of Education or Director of Private Education chairman

Certificate of registration as medical technologist will be issued to successful applicants who attained the age of: a. 18 years old b. 19 years old c. 20 years old d. 21 years old

Relative weight of Histopathology and MT Laws in the MT Board Examination: a. 10% b. 20% c. 35% d. 65%

"Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016" a. RA 5527 b. RA 8504 c. RA 10640 d. RA 10912

All mercurial fixing solutions lead to the formation in tissues of diffuse black granules and these mercury deposits must be removed before staining. Removal of mercuric chloride deposits is accomplished by a. Saturated solution of picric acid b. Saturated solution of iodine c. Sodium thiosulfate d. distille H2O

To prevent uneven sections, or alternate thin and thick sections, the knife should be inclined with ______ clearance angle from the cutting plane so that the cutting facet will not compress the block during the process of cutting. a. 0-5 degree angle b. 5-10 degree angle c. 5-15 degree angle d. 10-15 degree angle