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Adult Echocardiography > HTN & Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

HTN & Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

0
Q

Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated lesion and usually associated with?

A

Ventricular septal defects

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1
Q

Reversal of a long standing left to right shunt is referred to as?

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

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2
Q

Ebsteins Anomaly involves the downward displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle. A portion of the right ventricle becomes?

A

Atrialized

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3
Q

A patient w the m-mode below should have which other echocardiography study? (RV is same size or even bigger than LV)

A

Peripheral (saline) contrast. All patients w enlargement of the R side should have a Saline contrast study to evaluate for a shunt.

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is true about tetralogy of fallot defects?

A

VSD w R to L shunting

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5
Q

Given TR w a 64mm hg gradient grade the severity of the pulmonary HTN?

A

Severe. With a 64mm hg gradient from TR jet velocity the RV systolic pressure would be at least 74mm hg which is severe HTN.

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6
Q

The major development of the heart is compete by the end of week?

A

6/7

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7
Q

Which is the best standard 2D echo view for saline contrast studies to detect ASD?

A

Apical 4CH

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8
Q

Which of the following best represents the normal range for systemic systolic pressure?

A

100-140 mmhg

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9
Q

A dilated pulmonary artery, severe tricuspid regurgitation and RV enlargement best describes?

A

Pulmonary HTN

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10
Q

The communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that may persist after birth is called?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding the coarctation of the aorta?

A

Partial obstruction of the aorta

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12
Q

Pulmonary HTN is when the?

A

Pulmonary artery pressure is over 30mmhg

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13
Q

An m mode showing the LV and RV about the same size is result of what?

A

ASD

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14
Q

A common etiology of pulmonary HTN is?

A

Idiopathic, COPD, MS, obesity

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15
Q

If a large parent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is not corrected what might develop?

A

Eisenmneger syndrome

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16
Q

Patients with ebsteins anomaly often have an associated congenital abnormality. Which is the most common?

A

Secundum ASD

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17
Q

All of the following are echo findings for pulmonary HTN Except?

A

Dilated LA

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18
Q

after birth if the ductus arteriosus fails to close, the result is a commnunication between the?

A

Aorta & pulmonary artery

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19
Q

Where should saline contrast be injected in order to diagnosis a persistent left superior vena cava?

A

Left arm

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20
Q

A 3 yr old patient come to the echo lab with a murmur. What is the most likely etiology?

A

VSD. One of the more common causes of a murmur in young kids is this.

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21
Q

If patients w large VSD and L to R shunting which chamber or vessel is least likely to be dilated?

A

R atrium. (In patients w large VSD and L to R shunting the R atrium will usually not dilate unless there is significant TR)

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22
Q

Which of the following anomalies is most likely associated w a sinus venosus ASD?

A

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

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23
Q

The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus is called the?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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24
Q

While performing an echo on a premature baby, what 2 findings are to be expected?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale

25
Q

A pressure overload of the RV may produce which of the following 2D findings?

A

RV hypertrophy

26
Q

Which of the following best represents the normal range for systemic diastolic pressure?

A

60-90 mmhg

27
Q

The most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease is?

A

Tetralogy of fallot

28
Q

A patient w a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) commonly has what type of murmur?

A

Continuous (systolic and diastolic) murmurs

29
Q

Peripheral saline contrast normally appears in which cardiac chamber first?

A

RA

30
Q

Patients develop Eisenmengers syndrome because?

A

Pulmonary pressures now exceed systemic (in Eisenmengers syndrome the pulmonary pressures are now super systemic ( higher than the patient systolic BP))

31
Q

When the anatomic ventricles are switched and there are no other defects the patient is said to have?

A

L- transposition (l transposition or ventricular inversion occurs when the anatomic ventricles are switched)

32
Q

Surgically what happens during a mustard procedure?

A

Baffles at the atrial level redirect blood flow into the ventricles (mustard precedes baffles are placed in the atria to redirect blood flow into the proper ventricles since these patients have D transposition of the great arteries)

33
Q

What is The most common type of ASD?

A

Secundum

34
Q

Systemic HTN is when?

A

Diastolic pressure is over 90 mmhg

35
Q

A common etiology for pulmonary HTN is ?

A

Idiopathic

36
Q

The major development of the heart is complete by the end of week?

A

7

37
Q

A patient w a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) commonly has what type of murmur?

A

Continuous

38
Q

A pt w a secundum asd has a saline contrast study. It shows all of the follwinh except?

A

Bubbles for RV to LV. Would indicate a vsd not asd

39
Q

In pts that develop eisenmenger syndrome what happens?

A

The shunt reverses direction and now is R to L

40
Q

The most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease is?

A

Tet of fallot

41
Q

When using a continuous wave Doppler estimation of TR gradient for predicting right ventricular systolic pressure Rvsp which final step is required?

A

Documentation that there is no pulmonic stenosis.

42
Q

Peripheral (saline) contrast is not useful in?

A

Aortic regurg

43
Q

If a large PDA is not corrected what might develop?

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

44
Q

A 3 y/o pt comes to the echo lab w a murmur. What is the most likely etiology?

A

Vsd . One of the more common causes of a murmur in young kids

45
Q

Which 2d view is the best view for identifying ebsteins anomaly?

A

Ap 4ch

46
Q

If a PT presents with Cor pulmonale the echo might show?

A

A dilated right ventricle, from PHTN.

47
Q

Early on cardiac development, what is the name of the one great vessel leaving the heart?

A

Truncus arteriosus

48
Q

A sinus venosus ASD is located in the superior portion of the interatrial septum near the junction of the:?

A

Superior vena cava and the right atrium.

49
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding coarctation of the aorta?

A

Partial obstruction of the aorta.

50
Q

Which is the best view to diagnosis a sinus venous ASD?

A

Modified subcostal chamber

51
Q

A PT had undergone a mustard procedure, what was there original diagnosis?

A

D-transportation of the great arteries.

52
Q

Systemic hypertension is when the:?

A

Diastolic pressure is over 90 mm hg.

53
Q

Following a peripheral(saline) contrast injection, bubbles appear in the left atrium in 5 cardiac cycles. This PT most likely has:?

A

Pulmonary shunt

54
Q

If the IVC is dilated & doesn’t collapse when PT sniffs the RA pressure is estimated to be:?

A

20 mmhg

55
Q

Which 2D view is best for identifying ASD?

A

Subcostal 4 CH

56
Q

A supracristal ventricular septal defect(VSD) is also referred to as a:?

A

Outlet

57
Q

After a baby is born which of the following causes the foramen ovale to close?

A

Increased left atrial pressure

58
Q

Which of the following is not a defect in tetralogy of fallot?

A

ASD

59
Q

If a Lg PDA is not corrected what might develop?

A

Eisenmengers syndrome

60
Q

Pericardial effusions are commonly seen in ots with?

A

Renal failure

61
Q

The most common type of atrial septal defect is?

A

Ostium secundum

Adult Echocardiography (13 decks)

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